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Human Anatomy > Human Anatomy Quiz 2 Study Deck > Flashcards

Human Anatomy Quiz 2 Study Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the long bone?

A

Diaphysis and epiphysis

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2
Q

What 5 parts make up the long bone?

A

Medullary cavity, compact bone, epiphyseal plate, endosteum, and the periosteum

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3
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

A hollow region in the diaphysis and is filled with yellow marrow

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4
Q

What is compact bone

A

The walls of diaphysis and is dense and hard

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5
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate

A

A layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone and becomes an epiphyseal line when a person stops growing

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6
Q

What is endosteum

A

The lining of the medullary cavity and where bone growth, repair, and remodelling occur

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7
Q

What is periosteum

A

The covering of the outer surface of bone and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels/ attachment of tendons and ligaments

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8
Q

What is the difference between the epiphyseal line and the epiphyseal plate

A

The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in a growing bone. The epiphyseal line is when the epiphyseal plate is replaced/ closed when a person stops growing

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9
Q

What is an osteon

A

They are cylindrical vascular tunnels by an osteoclast-rich tissue (Haversian system)

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10
Q

What is the difference between yellow marrow and red marrow

A

Red marrow contains stem cells that turn into RBC, WBC, and platelets. Yellow marrow is mostly made of fat

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11
Q

What are the 5 types of bones by shape

A

Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid bones

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of long bones

A

-cylindrical in shape
-longer than it is wide
-shaft and two ends
-found in arms, legs, finger and toes

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13
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Long bone

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14
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Short bone

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15
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Flat bone

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a short bone

A

-cube like in shape
-approximately equal in length, width and thickness
-found in carpals of wrists and tarsals of ankles

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of flat bones

A

-typically thin
-often curved
-found in skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs

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18
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Irregular bone

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of irregular bones

A

-does not have any easily characterized shape
-complex shapes
-found in vertebrae and facial bones

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20
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Sesamoid bone

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of a sesamoid bone

A

-small, round bone
-shaped like a sesame seed
-form in tendons
-found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees

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22
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Transverse : occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

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23
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Oblique: occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

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24
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Spiral: bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

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25
What kind of fracture is this and how do you know
Comminuted: several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments
26
What kind of fracture is this and how do you know
Compacted: one fragment is driven into the other,usually as a result of compression
27
What kind of fracture is this and how do you know
Greenstick: a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
28
What kind of fracture is this and how do you know
Open/ compound: a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin, Carries high risk of infection
29
What kind of fracture is this and how do you know
Closed/simple: a fracture in which the skin remains intact
30
What are the 4 types of bone cells
-osteocyte -osteoblast -osteogenic cell -osteoclast
31
What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function
Osteocyte; Maintains bone tissue
32
What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function
Osteoblast; forms bone matrix
33
What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function
Osteogenic cell; stem cell
34
What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function
Osteoclast; resorbs bone
35
What are the 5 regions of the vertebrae
-cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral -coccyeal
36
What section is the cervical region of the vertebral column and what is the function?
C1-C7 Atlas (C1): supports the skull, no body Axis (C2): for head rotation and dens (odontoid process)
37
What section is the Thoracic region of the vertebral column and what is the function?
T1-T12 -Where ribs are attached -articulation with head or rib and tubercle of rib
38
What section is the lumbar region of the vertebral column and what is the function?
L1-L5 -Carries greatest amount of body weight
39
What are sutures
They are immobile joints between adjacent bones
40
What are the 5 sutures
-coronal -sagittal -lamboid -squamous -pterion
41
What suture connects the parietal and frontal bone
coronal
42
What suture connects the two parietal bones
sagittal
43
what suture connects the two parietal bones to the occipital bone
lamboid
44
What suture connects the parietal bones to the temporal bones
squamous
45
What suture connects the sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and squamous temporal bones
pterion
46
what are the 8 different keystone facial bones?
-maxillary bones (2) -palatine bones (2) -zygomatic bones (2) -nasal bones (2) -lacrimal bones (2) -inferior nasal conchae (2) -vomer -mandible
47
what are the 6 keystone cranial bones
-parietal bone (2) -temporal bone (2) -frontal bone -occipital bone -sphenoid bone -ethmoid bone
48
what is the function of the sacrum
Strengthen and stabilizes the pelvis
49
what is the function of the coccyx
Provides stability and balance when one is seated
50
What are the 3 different types of ribs
-true ribs (1-7) -false ribs (8-10) -floating ribs (11-12)
51
What are the 5 parts of the sternum
-manubrium -jugular -clavicular notch -sternal angle -xiphoid process
52
What is an intervetebral disc/ what is the purpose
-Provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vartebrae -fibrous outer layer is called the anulus fibrosus -gel like center called nucleus pulposus -intervertebral foramen is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve
53
Name this vertebral abnormality
Scoliosis
54
Name this vertebral abnormality
Kyphosis
55
Name this vertebral abnormality
Lordosis
56
What makes up the axial skeleton
-80 bones -skull -vertebral column -thoracic cage
57
What 7 bones make up the cranium and which one is mobile?
-2 parietal bones -2 temporal bones -frontal bone -occipital bone -spheniod bone -ethmoid bone -mandible (mobile)
58
Where is the styloid process located
It is located on the temporal bone on the cranium
59
Which bone allows you to nod and to shake your head?
the occipital bone allows you to nod, and the atlas bone allows you to shake your head.
60
What is the most commonly fractured and dislocated wrist bone
The distal radius bone
61
What makes up the pelvic girdle
-ilium -ischium -pubis
62
What two bones make up the shoulder girdle
-Clavicles -Scapulae
63
What is the difference between a male and female pelvis
-females are thinner and lighter, males are thicker and heavier -female pelvic inlet has a round/oval shape, male pelvic inlet is heart-shaped -female lesser pelvic cavity is shower and wider, male lesser pelvic cavity is longer and narrower -female subpubic angle is >80 degrees, male subpubic angle is <70 degrees -Female pelvic outlet is rounded and larger, male pelvic outlet is smaller
64
What bones are make up fingers 4
-distal -middle -proximal -pollex (thumb)
65
What 8 bones make up the wrist
-trapezium -trapezoid -scaphoid -hamate -capitate -pisiform -triquetrum -lunate
66
what bones make up the forearm and where are there location in anatomical position
-ulna, the medial bone -radius, lateral side of arm
67
What are the 3 margins of the scapula
-superior border -medial border -lateral border
68
What are the 3 regions of the clavicles
-medial end -lateral end -shaft
69
What are the weight bearing bones of the lower extremities
-Femur -Tibia -Fibula
70
What 7 bones make up the ankle
-calcaneus -talus -cuboid -navicular -medial cuneiform -intermediate cuneiform -lateral cuneiform
71
What is the deltoid tuberosity?
The part of the humerus that attaches to the deltoid muscle. Also attaches to the humerus, clavicle, and scapula
72
What is a colles fracture
a fracture in the radius close to the wrist
73
What makes up the appendicular skeleton
-upper and lower limb bones -both hands and feet -bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton
74
Give an example of flexion
-putting head down -moving arm up -bending knee back
75
Give an example of extension
-moving arm back -bending head back -moving leg to standing position from bending knee back
76
Give an example of abduction
-moving arm out from body
77
Give an example of adduction
-moving arm towards body
78
Give an example of circumduction
arm circles
79
Give an example of roation
-shaking head -looking left/right
80
give an example of supination
-when you move your forearm so that your palms are facing upward/foreward
81
Give an example of pronation
-when you move your forearm so that your palms are facing backwards/downwards
82
Give an example of dorsiflexion
-pointing toes up towards shin
83
Give an example of plantar flexion
-pointing toes down away from shin
84
Give an example of protraction
- moving lower jaw outwards (underbite)
85
Give an example of retraction
-moving your jaw inwards
86
Give an example of depression
-opening your mouth
87
Give an example of elevation
-closing your mouth
88
Give an example of lateral excursion
-moving jaw left to right
89
Give an example of medial excursion
moving jaw to the middle from the left/right
90
Give an example of superior rotation in the scapula
raising arms/shoulders
91
Give an example of inferior rotation in the scapula
rolling shoulders down and back
92
Give an example of opposition
touching thumb and pointer finger together
93
Give an example of reposition
opening hand from a fist
94
What is amphiathrosis
-limited mobility -ex: cartilaginous joint that unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae -pubic symphysis of the pelvis, right and left hip bones are anchored to each other
95
what is synarthroses
-immobile or nearly immobile joint -ex: sutures/ fibrous joints between the bones of the skull -manubriosternal joint/cartilaginous joint that unites manubrium and sternum
96
What kind of joint is a diarthosis joint and what 3 categories are they divided into
-synovial joints of the body -divided into uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial -ex: ball and socket joint in hip
97
What is TMJ and what is the function
TMJ is temporomandibular joint and it -allows for opening, closing, and moving jaw left to right -articulation between mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone, with head/condyle of mandible
98
what kind of joint does the hip form
ball and socket joint (hip joint)
99
What kind of joint forms inbetween the radius and carpal bones of the wrist
condyloid joint
100
What kind of joint forms between the tarsal bones
plane joint
101
what kind of joint forms between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone
saddle joint
102
what kind of joint does the elbow form
hinge joint
103
what kind of joint forms between the C1 and C2 vertebrae
pivot joint
104
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints
-fibrous -cartilaginous -synovial
105
What are 3 functional classifications of joints and how are they determined
-synarthrosis (immobile) -amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) -diarthrosis (freely moveable) they are determined by the amount of mobillity
106
What kind of joints are uniaxial
-pivot -hinge
107
What kind of joints are biaxial
-condyloid -saddle
108
what kind of joints are multiaxial
-plane -ball-and-socket
109
what is the difference between inversion and eversion
inversion is when you stand on the outside of your foot, while eversion is when the sole of your foot faces outwards
110
What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
dorsiflexion is when you point your toes up towards shin, plantar flexion is when you point your toes down/away from shin
111
what ligaments in the knee are commonly injured
the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibial (medial) collateral ligament
112
what are the structures of the synovial joint
-articular capsule -articular cartilage -synovial membrane -synovial fluid
113
what injury can occur when there is a force applied on the lateral aspect of the knee
a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
114
What are fontanelles and what is their function
They are large areas in a fetal skull filled with fibrous connective tissue and allow continued growth of skull
115
What structure passes through the foramen magnum
Allows passage of spinal cord

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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