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Human Anatomy > Human Anatomy Quiz 2 Study Deck > Flashcards

Human Anatomy Quiz 2 Study Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the long bone?

A

Diaphysis and epiphysis

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2
Q

What 5 parts make up the long bone?

A

Medullary cavity, compact bone, epiphyseal plate, endosteum, and the periosteum

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3
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

A hollow region in the diaphysis and is filled with yellow marrow

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4
Q

What is compact bone

A

The walls of diaphysis and is dense and hard

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5
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate

A

A layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone and becomes an epiphyseal line when a person stops growing

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6
Q

What is endosteum

A

The lining of the medullary cavity and where bone growth, repair, and remodelling occur

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7
Q

What is periosteum

A

The covering of the outer surface of bone and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels/ attachment of tendons and ligaments

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8
Q

What is the difference between the epiphyseal line and the epiphyseal plate

A

The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in a growing bone. The epiphyseal line is when the epiphyseal plate is replaced/ closed when a person stops growing

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9
Q

What is an osteon

A

They are cylindrical vascular tunnels by an osteoclast-rich tissue (Haversian system)

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10
Q

What is the difference between yellow marrow and red marrow

A

Red marrow contains stem cells that turn into RBC, WBC, and platelets. Yellow marrow is mostly made of fat

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11
Q

What are the 5 types of bones by shape

A

Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid bones

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of long bones

A

-cylindrical in shape
-longer than it is wide
-shaft and two ends
-found in arms, legs, finger and toes

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13
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Long bone

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14
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Short bone

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15
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Flat bone

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a short bone

A

-cube like in shape
-approximately equal in length, width and thickness
-found in carpals of wrists and tarsals of ankles

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of flat bones

A

-typically thin
-often curved
-found in skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs

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18
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Irregular bone

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of irregular bones

A

-does not have any easily characterized shape
-complex shapes
-found in vertebrae and facial bones

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20
Q

What kind of bone is this

A

Sesamoid bone

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of a sesamoid bone

A

-small, round bone
-shaped like a sesame seed
-form in tendons
-found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees

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22
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Transverse : occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

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23
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Oblique: occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

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24
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Spiral: bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

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25
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Comminuted: several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

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26
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Compacted: one fragment is driven into the other,usually as a result of compression

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27
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Greenstick: a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

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28
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Open/ compound: a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin, Carries high risk of infection

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29
Q

What kind of fracture is this and how do you know

A

Closed/simple: a fracture in which the skin remains intact

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30
Q

What are the 4 types of bone cells

A

-osteocyte
-osteoblast
-osteogenic cell
-osteoclast

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31
Q

What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function

A

Osteocyte; Maintains bone tissue

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32
Q

What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function

A

Osteoblast; forms bone matrix

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33
Q

What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function

A

Osteogenic cell; stem cell

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34
Q

What is the function of this bone cell and what is its function

A

Osteoclast; resorbs bone

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35
Q

What are the 5 regions of the vertebrae

A

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacral
-coccyeal

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36
Q

What section is the cervical region of the vertebral column and what is the function?

A

C1-C7
Atlas (C1): supports the skull, no body
Axis (C2): for head rotation and dens (odontoid process)

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37
Q

What section is the Thoracic region of the vertebral column and what is the function?

A

T1-T12
-Where ribs are attached
-articulation with head or rib and tubercle of rib

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38
Q

What section is the lumbar region of the vertebral column and what is the function?

A

L1-L5
-Carries greatest amount of body weight

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39
Q

What are sutures

A

They are immobile joints between adjacent bones

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40
Q

What are the 5 sutures

A

-coronal
-sagittal
-lamboid
-squamous
-pterion

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41
Q

What suture connects the parietal and frontal bone

A

coronal

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42
Q

What suture connects the two parietal bones

A

sagittal

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43
Q

what suture connects the two parietal bones to the occipital bone

A

lamboid

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44
Q

What suture connects the parietal bones to the temporal bones

A

squamous

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45
Q

What suture connects the sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and squamous temporal bones

A

pterion

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46
Q

what are the 8 different keystone facial bones?

A

-maxillary bones (2)
-palatine bones (2)
-zygomatic bones (2)
-nasal bones (2)
-lacrimal bones (2)
-inferior nasal conchae (2)
-vomer
-mandible

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47
Q

what are the 6 keystone cranial bones

A

-parietal bone (2)
-temporal bone (2)
-frontal bone
-occipital bone
-sphenoid bone
-ethmoid bone

48
Q

what is the function of the sacrum

A

Strengthen and stabilizes the pelvis

49
Q

what is the function of the coccyx

A

Provides stability and balance when one is seated

50
Q

What are the 3 different types of ribs

A

-true ribs (1-7)
-false ribs (8-10)
-floating ribs (11-12)

51
Q

What are the 5 parts of the sternum

A

-manubrium
-jugular
-clavicular notch
-sternal angle
-xiphoid process

52
Q

What is an intervetebral disc/ what is the purpose

A

-Provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vartebrae
-fibrous outer layer is called the anulus fibrosus
-gel like center called nucleus pulposus
-intervertebral foramen is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve

53
Q

Name this vertebral abnormality

A

Scoliosis

54
Q

Name this vertebral abnormality

A

Kyphosis

55
Q

Name this vertebral abnormality

A

Lordosis

56
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A

-80 bones
-skull
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage

57
Q

What 7 bones make up the cranium and which one is mobile?

A

-2 parietal bones
-2 temporal bones
-frontal bone
-occipital bone
-spheniod bone
-ethmoid bone
-mandible (mobile)

58
Q

Where is the styloid process located

A

It is located on the temporal bone on the cranium

59
Q

Which bone allows you to nod and to shake your head?

A

the occipital bone allows you to nod, and the atlas bone allows you to shake your head.

60
Q

What is the most commonly fractured and dislocated wrist bone

A

The distal radius bone

61
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle

A

-ilium
-ischium
-pubis

62
Q

What two bones make up the shoulder girdle

A

-Clavicles
-Scapulae

63
Q

What is the difference between a male and female pelvis

A

-females are thinner and lighter, males are thicker and heavier
-female pelvic inlet has a round/oval shape, male pelvic inlet is heart-shaped
-female lesser pelvic cavity is shower and wider, male lesser pelvic cavity is longer and narrower
-female subpubic angle is >80 degrees, male subpubic angle is <70 degrees
-Female pelvic outlet is rounded and larger, male pelvic outlet is smaller

64
Q

What bones are make up fingers 4

A

-distal
-middle
-proximal
-pollex (thumb)

65
Q

What 8 bones make up the wrist

A

-trapezium
-trapezoid
-scaphoid
-hamate
-capitate
-pisiform
-triquetrum
-lunate

66
Q

what bones make up the forearm and where are there location in anatomical position

A

-ulna, the medial bone
-radius, lateral side of arm

67
Q

What are the 3 margins of the scapula

A

-superior border
-medial border
-lateral border

68
Q

What are the 3 regions of the clavicles

A

-medial end
-lateral end
-shaft

69
Q

What are the weight bearing bones of the lower extremities

A

-Femur
-Tibia
-Fibula

70
Q

What 7 bones make up the ankle

A

-calcaneus
-talus
-cuboid
-navicular
-medial cuneiform
-intermediate cuneiform
-lateral cuneiform

71
Q

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

A

The part of the humerus that attaches to the deltoid muscle. Also attaches to the humerus, clavicle, and scapula

72
Q

What is a colles fracture

A

a fracture in the radius close to the wrist

73
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton

A

-upper and lower limb bones
-both hands and feet
-bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton

74
Q

Give an example of flexion

A

-putting head down
-moving arm up
-bending knee back

75
Q

Give an example of extension

A

-moving arm back
-bending head back
-moving leg to standing position from bending knee back

76
Q

Give an example of abduction

A

-moving arm out from body

77
Q

Give an example of adduction

A

-moving arm towards body

78
Q

Give an example of circumduction

A

arm circles

79
Q

Give an example of roation

A

-shaking head
-looking left/right

80
Q

give an example of supination

A

-when you move your forearm so that your palms are facing upward/foreward

81
Q

Give an example of pronation

A

-when you move your forearm so that your palms are facing backwards/downwards

82
Q

Give an example of dorsiflexion

A

-pointing toes up towards shin

83
Q

Give an example of plantar flexion

A

-pointing toes down away from shin

84
Q

Give an example of protraction

A
  • moving lower jaw outwards (underbite)
85
Q

Give an example of retraction

A

-moving your jaw inwards

86
Q

Give an example of depression

A

-opening your mouth

87
Q

Give an example of elevation

A

-closing your mouth

88
Q

Give an example of lateral excursion

A

-moving jaw left to right

89
Q

Give an example of medial excursion

A

moving jaw to the middle from the left/right

90
Q

Give an example of superior rotation in the scapula

A

raising arms/shoulders

91
Q

Give an example of inferior rotation in the scapula

A

rolling shoulders down and back

92
Q

Give an example of opposition

A

touching thumb and pointer finger together

93
Q

Give an example of reposition

A

opening hand from a fist

94
Q

What is amphiathrosis

A

-limited mobility
-ex: cartilaginous joint that unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae
-pubic symphysis of the pelvis, right and left hip bones are anchored to each other

95
Q

what is synarthroses

A

-immobile or nearly immobile joint
-ex: sutures/ fibrous joints between the bones of the skull
-manubriosternal joint/cartilaginous joint that unites manubrium and sternum

96
Q

What kind of joint is a diarthosis joint and what 3 categories are they divided into

A

-synovial joints of the body
-divided into uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial
-ex: ball and socket joint in hip

97
Q

What is TMJ and what is the function

A

TMJ is temporomandibular joint and it
-allows for opening, closing, and moving jaw left to right
-articulation between mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone, with head/condyle of mandible

98
Q

what kind of joint does the hip form

A

ball and socket joint (hip joint)

99
Q

What kind of joint forms inbetween the radius and carpal bones of the wrist

A

condyloid joint

100
Q

What kind of joint forms between the tarsal bones

A

plane joint

101
Q

what kind of joint forms between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone

A

saddle joint

102
Q

what kind of joint does the elbow form

A

hinge joint

103
Q

what kind of joint forms between the C1 and C2 vertebrae

A

pivot joint

104
Q

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints

A

-fibrous
-cartilaginous
-synovial

105
Q

What are 3 functional classifications of joints and how are they determined

A

-synarthrosis (immobile)
-amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
-diarthrosis (freely moveable)
they are determined by the amount of mobillity

106
Q

What kind of joints are uniaxial

A

-pivot
-hinge

107
Q

What kind of joints are biaxial

A

-condyloid
-saddle

108
Q

what kind of joints are multiaxial

A

-plane
-ball-and-socket

109
Q

what is the difference between inversion and eversion

A

inversion is when you stand on the outside of your foot, while eversion is when the sole of your foot faces outwards

110
Q

What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

A

dorsiflexion is when you point your toes up towards shin, plantar flexion is when you point your toes down/away from shin

111
Q

what ligaments in the knee are commonly injured

A

the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibial (medial) collateral ligament

112
Q

what are the structures of the synovial joint

A

-articular capsule
-articular cartilage
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid

113
Q

what injury can occur when there is a force applied on the lateral aspect of the knee

A

a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

114
Q

What are fontanelles and what is their function

A

They are large areas in a fetal skull filled with fibrous connective tissue and allow continued growth of skull

115
Q

What structure passes through the foramen magnum

A

Allows passage of spinal cord

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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