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Biology > Human anatomy > Flashcards

Human anatomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

A

phsiology

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3
Q

specialized structures within a living cell.

A

organelle

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4
Q

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

A

cell

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5
Q

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made

A

tissue

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6
Q

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function

A

organ

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7
Q

is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

A

organ system

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8
Q

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

A

organism

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9
Q

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

A

metabolism

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10
Q

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

A

homeostasis

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11
Q

the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it

A

negative feedback mechanisms

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12
Q

an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.

A

receptor

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13
Q

a region of the brain called the hypothalamus

A

control center

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14
Q

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

A

effector

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15
Q

the enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it.

A

positive feedback mechanism

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16
Q

position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward

A

anatomical position

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17
Q

a supercilious manner or attitude.

A

superior

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18
Q

low or lower in position.

A

inferior

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19
Q

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head

A

anterior

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20
Q

further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it.

A

posterior

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21
Q

It divides the body into left and right

A

sagittal plane

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22
Q

is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

A

transverse plane

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23
Q

divides the body into dorsal and ventral or back and front,

A

frontal plane

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24
Q

Divides the body at an angle.

A

oblique plane

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25
Q

is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall

A

thoracic cavity

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26
Q

is hardly an empty space. It contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder.

A

abdominal cavity

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27
Q

is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis

A

pelvic cavity

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28
Q

line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities,

A

serious membranes

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29
Q

is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels

A

pericardial cavity

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30
Q

is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae

A

pleural cavity

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31
Q

is the continuous area between the parietal peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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32
Q

is a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place

A

mesentery

33
Q

consists of a continuous sheet of cells, one or more layers thick, which is attached to the underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane.

A

epithelial mambrane

34
Q

Superficial epidermis composed of a keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Also know as - skin

A

cutaneous membrane

35
Q

Composed of epithelium and lines all body cavities that open to the exterior. Ex. hollow organs or the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

mucous membrae

36
Q

Lines all body cavities that are closed to the exterior

A

serous membrane

37
Q

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and its coverings.

A

peritoneum

38
Q

The serosa lining the lungs

A

pleura

39
Q

The serosa surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

40
Q

is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate

A

Axial skeleton

41
Q

is the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones that support the appendages

A

appendicular skeleton

42
Q

dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts

A

compact bone

43
Q

Bone in which the spicules form a latticework, with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow

A

spongey bone

44
Q

are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility

A

long bones

45
Q

Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement

A

short bones

46
Q

bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment

A

flat bones

47
Q

Any of a group of bones having peculiar or complex forms, such as the vertebrae

A

irregular bones

48
Q

the shaft or central part of a long bone

A

diaphysis

49
Q

dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

A

periostuem

50
Q

The line of junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone where growth in length occurs

A

epiphyseal lne

51
Q

is a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments

A

comminuted factor

52
Q

occurs when the bone collapses

A

compression fracture

53
Q

a fracture especially of the skull in which the fragment is depressed below the normal surface.

A

depressed fracture

54
Q

A bone fracture in which one of the fragments is driven into another fragment

A

impacted fracture

55
Q

is a bone fracture occurring when torque is applied along the axis of a bone

A

spiral fracture

56
Q

a fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks

A

greenstick fracture

57
Q

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

A

hematoma

58
Q

the skull, especially the part enclosing the brain

A

cranium

59
Q

the bone that forms the back and base of the skull, and through which the spinal cord passes

A

occipital bone

60
Q

column between skull and hip bones

A

vertebral column

61
Q

ach of the series of small bones forming the backbone, having several projections for articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes.

A

vertebrae

62
Q

a roundish, flattened part in an animal or plant, in particular.

A

Intervertebral discs

63
Q

are the seven cylindrical bones, or vertebral bodies that provide support and structure for the cervical spine

A

Cervical vertebrae

64
Q

each of the twelve bones of the backbone to which the ribs are attached.

A

Thoracic vertebrae

65
Q

any of the vertebrae situated between the thoracic vertebrae above and the sacrum below that in humans are five in number.

A

Lumbar vertebrae

66
Q

a triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hipbones of the pelvis

A

Sacrum

67
Q

a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae

A

Coccyx

68
Q

a thickened ventral plate on each segment of the body of an arthropod

A

Sternum

69
Q

one of a series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs

A

Ribs

70
Q

a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone

A

Clavicle

71
Q

is the bone that connects the humerus

A

Scapulae

72
Q

the long bone in the upper arm

A

Humerus

73
Q

he thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm

A

Radius

74
Q

the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb

A

Ulna

75
Q

eight small bones that make up the wrist

A

Carpal bones

76
Q

the enclosing structure formed by the pelvis, providing attachment for the hind limbs or pelvic fins.

A

Pelvic girdle

77
Q

the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee.

A

Femur

78
Q

the inner and typically larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the fibula

A

Tibia

79
Q

the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the tibia

A

Fibula

Biology (14 decks)

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