digestive system Flashcards
an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces
gastrointestinal tract
Refers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips
oral cavity
the bony front part of the palate
hard palate
the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth
soft palate
serves to keep the throat well lubricated
uvula
is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.
lingual frenulum
the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus
pharynx
the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane
esophagus
a mucous membrane
mucosa
the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.
submucosa
responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis
muscularis externa
the tissue of a serous membrane
serosa
the walls of the body cavity
visceral peritoneum
portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
parietal peritoneum
a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
mesentery
the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs
stomach
surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach
cardioesophageal sphincter
is a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
rugae
the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve
greater curvature
extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices
lesser curvature
a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach
greater omentum
the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
chyme
the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively
small intestine
s the joining point between the large and small intestines
ileocecal valve
the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum
duodenum
the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
jejunum
the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum
ileum
is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas which aids in digestion
pancreatic ducts
carry bile from the liver and gallbladder through the pancreas to the duodenum
bile duct
the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively
large intestine
a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines
cecum
a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals
appendix
also called the large intestine
colon
he final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus
rectum
the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine
anal canal
the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen
ascending colon
the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach
transverse colon
the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum
descending colon
the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum
sigmoid colon
secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines
liver
is a four-inch, pear-shaped organ
gall bladder
