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Biology > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces

A

gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

Refers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips

A

oral cavity

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3
Q

the bony front part of the palate

A

hard palate

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4
Q

the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth

A

soft palate

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5
Q

serves to keep the throat well lubricated

A

uvula

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6
Q

is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.

A

lingual frenulum

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7
Q

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

A

pharynx

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8
Q

the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane

A

esophagus

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9
Q

a mucous membrane

A

mucosa

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10
Q

the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.

A

submucosa

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11
Q

responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis

A

muscularis externa

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12
Q

the tissue of a serous membrane

A

serosa

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13
Q

the walls of the body cavity

A

visceral peritoneum

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14
Q

portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

A

mesentery

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16
Q

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs

A

stomach

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17
Q

surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach

A

cardioesophageal sphincter

18
Q

is a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

19
Q

a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

A

rugae

20
Q

the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve

A

greater curvature

21
Q

extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices

A

lesser curvature

22
Q

a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

A

greater omentum

23
Q

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food

A

chyme

24
Q

the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively

A

small intestine

25
Q

s the joining point between the large and small intestines

A

ileocecal valve

26
Q

the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum

A

duodenum

27
Q

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum

A

jejunum

28
Q

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum

A

ileum

29
Q

is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas which aids in digestion

A

pancreatic ducts

30
Q

carry bile from the liver and gallbladder through the pancreas to the duodenum

A

bile duct

31
Q

the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively

A

large intestine

32
Q

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines

A

cecum

33
Q

a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals

A

appendix

34
Q

also called the large intestine

A

colon

35
Q

he final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus

A

rectum

36
Q

the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine

A

anal canal

37
Q

the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen

A

ascending colon

38
Q

the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach

A

transverse colon

39
Q

the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum

A

descending colon

40
Q

the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

41
Q

secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines

A

liver

42
Q

is a four-inch, pear-shaped organ

A

gall bladder

Biology (14 decks)

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