hum 1 Flashcards
Types of
Literature
- According to Form
- According to Appeal
- According to in point of Space
- According to Genre
According to Form
- Oral
- Written
handed down originally through
words of mouth, like songs, proverbs, folk
tales, and riddles
Oral
preserved in writing; formally
documented from the start.
Written
According to Appeal
- Universal
- Limited
refers to writings written
long ago but continue to exist
Universal
last only for a brief period of
time
Limited
According to in point of space
- Internationally
- Nationally
- Regionally
According to genre
1, Prose
2. Poetry
General Types of Literature
1, Prose
2. Poetry
consists of those written
within the common flow of conversation
in sentences and paragraphs
Prose
refers to those experiences
in verse, with measure and rhyme, line
and stanza and has a more melodious
tone
Poetry
Types of Prose
- Novel
- Short Story
- Plays/Drama
- Legends
- Fables
- Anecdotes
- Essay
- Biography
- News
- Oration
This is a long narrative divided
into chapters.
Novel
This is a narrative
involving one or more characters, one
plot and one single impression.
Short Story
This is presented on a
stage, is divided into acts and each act
has many scenes.
Plays/Drama
These are fictitious
narratives, usually about
origins.
Legends
These are also fictitious and
they deal with animals and
inanimate things who speak and
act like people and their purpose is
to enlighten the minds of children
to events that can mold their ways
and attitudes
Fables
These are merely
products of the writer’s imagination
and the main aim is to bring out
lessons to the reader
Anecdotes
This expresses the
viewpoint or opinion of the
writer about a particular problem
or event.
Essay
This deals with the
life of a person which may be
about himself, his
autobiography or that of others
Biography
This is a report of
everyday events in society,
government, science and
industry, and accidents,
happening nationally or not
News
This is a formal
treatment of a subject and is
intended to be spoken in public.
It appeals to the intellect, to the
will or to the emotions of the
audience.
Oration
3 Types of Poetry
- Narrative Poetry
- Lyric Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
This form
describes important events in
life either real or imaginary
Narrative Poetry
This is an extended narrative about
heroic exploits often under supernatural
control.
Epic
This is a narrative which is
written in verse and can be classified either as
a ballad or a metrical romance.
Metrical Tale
Of the narrative poems, this is
considered the shortest and simplest
Ballads
Originally, this refers to that
kind of poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this
applies to any type of poetry that expresses
emotions and feelings of the poet
Lyric Poetry
These are
short poems intended to be sung. The
common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt,
joy, hope and sorrow.
Folk Songs (Awiting Bayan)
This is a lyric poem of 14 lines
dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea.
These are two types: the Italian and
Shakespearean
Sonnets
This is a lyric poem which
expresses feelings of grief and
melancholy, and whose theme is
death
Elegy
This is a poem of a noble
feeling, expressed with dignity, with
no definite number of syllables or
definite number of lines in stanza
Ode
This is a song
praising God or the Virgin Mary and
containing a philosophy of life.
Psalms (Dalit)
These have measures of
twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic) and
slowly sung to the accompaniment of a
guitar or banduria.
Awit (Songs)
These have
measures of eight syllables
(octosyllabic) and recited to a martial
beat.
Corridos (Kurridos)
The word comedy comes
from the Greek term “Komos”
meaning festivity or revelry. This
form usually is light and written
with the purpose of amusing, and
usually has a happy ending.
Comedy
This is usually used in
musical plays with the opera. Today,
this is related to tragedy just as the
farce is to comedy. It arouses
immediate and intense emotion and
is usually sad but there is a happy
ending for the principal character
Melodrama
This involves the hero
struggling mightily against dynamic
forces; he meets death or ruin
without success and satisfaction
obtained by the protagonist in a
comedy
Tragedy
This is an exaggerated
comedy.
Farce
This form is either
purely comic or tragic and it pictures
the life of today
Social Poems
This has become the basis of
Christianity originating from Palestine
and Greece.
The Bible
The Muslim Bible originating
from Arabia.
Koran
These have been the source of
myths and legends of Greece. They
were written by Homer.
The Iliad and the Odyssey
The longest epic of the world. It
contains the history of religion in
India.
The Mahab-harata
It depicts the religion and customs of the
English in the early days. This originated
from England and was written by Chaucer.
Canterbury Tales
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe of the US.
This depicted the sad and fate of slaves; this
became the basis of democracy later on
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Written by Dante of Italy. This shows
the religion and customs of the early
Italians.
The Divine Comedy
This shows the cultural characteristics
of the Spaniards and their national
history.
This shows the cultural characteristics
of the Spaniards and their national
history.
This includes Doce Pares and
Roncesvalles of France. It tells about the
Golden Age of Christianity in France.
The Song of Roland
This includes the cult of Osiris and
the mythology and theology of
Egypt.
The Book of the Dead
This was written by Confucius of
China. This became the basis of
Christian religion.
The Book of the Days
From Arabia and Persia (Iran). It shows
the ways of government, of industries
and of the society of the Arabia and
Persians.
One Thousand and One Nights/The
Arabian Nights
derived
from the Kavi, a Javanese
(Indonesian) script
Baybayin
Most literary works during the precolonial period
were transmitted through
Oral communication
Conventions of Oral
Literature
- Common experiences of the
community as subject matter - Communal authorship
- Formulaic repetitions
- Stereotyping of characters
- Regular rhythmic and musical
devices
a literary scholar notable for his
studies on Philippine folk
literature, divided Philippine
precolonial literature into three,
namely the Mythological Age,
Heroic Age, and Folktales from all
ages
Arsenio Manuel
the period when our ancestors told
stories about the creation of
human beings and the world,
natural phenomena, and deities and
spirits
Mythological Age
Ordinary mortals and cultural heroes
became the chief subject matter in this
period
Heroic Age
traditional stories that had humans,
animals, and even plants as
characters
Folktales
Precolonial Literature is
characterized by
- Legends
- Folk Tales
3.Epics - Folk Songs
- Epigrams, Riddles, Chants
- Proverbs and Sayings
A form of prose, the common theme of which is about
the origin of a thing, place, location, or name.
Legends
are made up of stories about life, adventure,
love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons
about life
Folk Tales
are long narrative poems in which a
series of heroic achievements or events,
usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
Epics
are one of the oldest forms of
Philippine literature that emerged in the preSpanish period. These songs mirrored the early
forms of culture. Many of these have 12
syllables.
Folk Songs
Also called as “salawikain”
Epigrams
(Bugtong) or Palaisipan
These are made up of one or more
measured lines with rhyme and may
consist of four to 12 syllables
Riddles
Used in witchcraft or
enchantment
Chants
Some are rhyming couplets with verses
of 5,6 or 8 syllables, each line having the
same number of syllables.
Maxims
often used in teasing or
to comment on a person’s actuations
Sayings
idioms
Group of words that express things,
situations, or events indirectly
Sawikain
author of Traditions of the Tinguian: A Study of
Philippine Folk-Lore
Fay Cooper Cole
the compiler and annotator of
Philippine Folk Tales published by
A.C. McClurg & Co. in 1916
Mabel Cook Cole
Literary
Standards
- Universality
- Artistry
- Intellectual value
- Permanence
- Style
- Spiritual value
- Suggestiveness
