Hubs Lecture 3

Question 1

what are the functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

Functions of the skeleton
* Support
* Movement
Bones are levers!
* Protection
Major organs
* Storage
Minerals
* Red Blood Cell Formation
In marrow

Question 2

Compact bone

Answer 2

2 types of bone tissue, same material, diff structure.
Compact bone
-strong
-good transmitting force in one direction

Question 3

Cancellous bone

Answer 3

light spongy bone
shock absorbing
resists and chanells forces that come from multiple directions.

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

Longer than they are wide

Composed of wider
epiphyses and a longer,
narrower diaphysis

Act as levers for
movement

Thicker compact bone in
diaphysis

Mostly limb bones

Question 5

short bones

Answer 5

close to equal width and length,
mostly cancellous bone
weight bearing
eg carpals and tarsals
(finger bones) are usually cubed or circular

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

• Function usually for
  muscle attachment (e.g.
  scapula)
  Also protection (e.g. skull,
  sternum)
• Thin plates of compact
  bone (some cancellous
  too)

Question 7

irregular bones

Answer 7

various shapes and functions, eg verterbrea
if it doesn’t fit into other categories its prob irregular

Question 8

What is in the axial skeleton

Answer 8

has bones of the core, and protection of vital organs.

The Skull
–>Cranium (vault)
Encloses the brain
Muscle attachments
->Facial bones
Protect & support
sensory organs
–>Join at sutures
(immovable)

The Vertebral column
–>Keeps the trunk upright
–>Lots of muscle/ligament
attachments
Supports head
Divisions
Cervical (7) breakfast
Thoracic (12) lunch
Lumbar (5) dinner
Sacrum and coccyx

Rib cage
- ribs, - sternum

Question 9

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 9

126 bones, the primary function is movement, LIMBS.
Limb structure: has a single proximal long bone (HUMEROUS OR FEMUR) and 2 more distal long bones with hands and feet at the end. (eg ulna and radius/
tibia and fibula)

Question 10

why is the human skeleton this shape

Answer 10

Form related to function,the human lower limb needs stability + movement. Bipedilaism–> walking on 2 limbs.

Question 11

Hand bones numbers

Answer 11

Carpals-8
Metacarpals-5
Phalanges( 14), 3 per finger, 2 per thumb
REMEMBER THIS IS ONLY FOR ONE HAND SO BE CAREFUL IN MCQS

Question 12

Foot bone numbers

Answer 12

Tarsals- 7 per foot
Metatarsals- 5 per foot
Phalanges, 2 per the, 3 per finger- 14 in total like hand

Question 13

How do limbs attach to the axial skeleton

Answer 13

upper limb attaches to the axial skeleton by the pectoral girdle{clavicle(stabilising) and scapula(free moving muscle attachments)}
lower limb attaches to the axial skeleton by the pelvic girdle( hip bones-2 and sacrum=pelvis)
pelvic gradle enables weight from the upper part of the body to be distributed down to the lower limb.

Question 14

Male pelvis vs female pelvis

Answer 14

Male pelvis:
oblong-shaped pelvic inlet ( pelvic brim creates a narrower smaller pelvic inlet)
Narrow subpubic arch
More curved longer sacrum
Female pelvis(adapted for childbirth):
Circular pelvic inlet ( pelvic brim is wider and broader for a baby to move through.
wider subpubic arch
shorter straighter sacrum