HUBS 191 Lecture 6 Flashcards
what is the generic structure of a synovial joint
bone ends, articular cartilage, the joint capsule, the joint cavity, the synovial membrane and ligaments
what section of the bone is covered by the hyaline cartilage
the subchondral bone - which is smooth so the cartilage follows the contours of the bone
what is the outer layer of the joint capsule composed of and what is it’s function
DFCT - it is responsible for providing stability and strength
is the outer layer of the joint capsule always the same thickness and tightness
no - it is thicker and tighter where more support is needed and looser and thinner where movement is required
what is the inner layer of the joint capsule called and what is it’s function
the synovial membrane - it produces and secretes synovial fluid
what is the function of the synovial fluid
lubricates the joints and delivers nutrients to the avascular structures
what are capsular ligaments
thickenings of the capsule that provide extra support - they are part of the outer layer of the capsule
what are intracapsular ligaments
additional bands of DFCT located internally to the capsule that are used to hold bones together
what are fibrocartilaginous pads made of and what is their function
they are made of fibrocartilage and they fill in space, provide shock absorption and/or deepen articulations
what kind of joint would have high bony congruence
a joint that requires more stability than movement (a weight bearing joint)
describe a plane joint
multiaxial - involves the sliding or gliding across a flat surface - for example the inter carpal joints
describe a hinge joint
uniaxial - allows for flexion and extension - for example the ankle and elbow
describe a pivot joint
uniaxial - allows for rotation - for example the radio ulnar joints (allows for supination and pronation) and the C1-C2 vertebrae
describe a condylar joint
biaxial - allows for flexion and extension as well as rotation when flexed - for example the knee and tempromandibular joints - a condyle is a rounded projection that articulates with another bone
describe a ellipsoid joint
biaxial - allows for abduction, adduction, flexion and extension and therefore circumduction but not rotation - for example the wrist joint
describe a saddle joint
biaxial (+) - allows for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction and therefore circumduction. it also allows for obligatory rotation - for example the joint at the base of the thumb
describe a ball and socket joint
multiaxial - allows for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and therefore circumduction and rotation - for example the hip and shoulder joints
