Htn Practice pt3

Question 1

doxazosin

Answer 1

cardura - alpha 1 blocker

Question 2

clonidine PO

Answer 2

catapres/kapvay - alpha 2 agonist

Question 3

hydralazine

Answer 3

apresoline - direct vasodilator

Question 4

furosemide

Answer 4

lasix - loop diuretic

Question 5

spironolactone

Answer 5

aldactone/carospir - mra

Question 6

loop diuretic moa

Answer 6

actively secreted via the nonspecific organic acid transport system into the lumen of the thick ascending limb of henles loop where it decreases na reabsorption by competing for the cl site

Question 7

loop diuretic contraindications

Answer 7

anuria

Question 8

loop diuretic adr

Answer 8

hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dizziness, aki, ototoxicity (worse with aminoglycosides)

Question 9

loop diuretic ddi

Answer 9

increased risk of ototoxicity if used with aminoglycosides

Question 10

loop diuretic notes

Answer 10

most efficacious diuretic/more potent than thiazides, bbw for profound fluid and electrolyte loss, preferred in patients with hf for fluid control/diuresis, consider ethacrynic acid if a patient has a true loop diuretic allergy due to sulfa,

Question 11

loop diuretic PK/PD

Answer 11

furosemide - 40-70% bioavailability, torsemide duration 8-12 hrs, ethacrynic acid iv or oral duration differ, butemanide renal and hepatic elimination, etharynic acid and furosemide are eliminated renally

Question 12

torsemide

Answer 12

demadex- loop diuretic

Question 13

bumenatide

Answer 13

bumex- loop diuretic

Question 14

furosemide dosing

Answer 14

lasix is usually dosed at 20-160mg in 2 divided doses

Question 15

hydralazine moa

Answer 15

apresoline acts through direct vasodilation

Question 16

hydralazine contraindications

Answer 16

coronary artery disease- causes reflex tachycardia, angina, mi

Question 17

hydralazine adr

Answer 17

dizziness, reflex tachycardia, dile (higher in 400mgdailydose)

Question 18

hydralazine notes

Answer 18

variable duration/effect, short half life– frequent dosing- 4x daily for htn, less reflex tachycardia risk than minoxidil

Question 19

hydralazine dosing

Answer 19

100-200 mg in 2-3 divided doses

Question 20

minoxidil contraindications

Answer 20

coronary artery disease (causes reflex tachycardia- more risk than hydralazine, angina, mi)

Question 21

minoxidil adr

Answer 21

dizziness, reflex tachycardia, hypertrichosis, pericarditis

Question 22

minoxidil notes

Answer 22

causes fluid and water retention- should be given with diuretic, to prevent tachycardia- should be given with a beta blocker, extremely potent

Question 23

alpha 2 agonist moa

Answer 23

stimulates alpha 2 receptor reducing sympathetic outflow from cns decreasing peripheral resistance, and dec bp

Question 24

alpha 2 agonist contraindciations

Answer 24

none

Question 25

alpha 2 agonist adr

Answer 25

dry mouth, somnolence/fatigue/sedation, constipation,
local irritation with patch

Question 26

alpha 2 agonist notes

Answer 26

avoid abruptly stopping- can cause rebound symptoms, patch can be used for seven days with 2-3 days onset that requires overlap with oral, last line due to cns effects

Question 26

clonidine dosing

Answer 26

catapres/kapvay is dosed at 0.1-0.8 mg in 2-3 divided doses