HTN practice pt1

Question 1

Chlorthalidone

Answer 1

hygroton, thalitone - thiazide diuretic

Question 2

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 2

hydrodiuril - thiazide diuretic

Question 3

hydrochlorothiazide/indapamide

Answer 3

lozol - thiazide diuretic

Question 4

metolazone

Answer 4

zaroxolyn - thiazide diuretic

Question 5

enalapril

Answer 5

vasotec - acei

Question 6

lisinopril

Answer 6

prinivil,zestril - acei

Question 7

losartan

Answer 7

cozaar - arb

Question 8

valsartan

Answer 8

diovan - arb

Question 9

thiazide diuretic moa

Answer 9

increases sodium/water and cl excretion by blocking reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron

Question 10

thiazide diuretic contraindications

Answer 10

hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, anuria
precaution: uncontrolled gout (raises uric acid levels), avoid in combo with NSAIDs

Question 11

thiazide diuretic adr

Answer 11

dizziness, hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, pancreatitis

Question 12

thiazide diuretic notes

Answer 12

effective in elderly and black patients, less effective with low gfr, not as effective with crcl <30 - but chlorthalidone is preferred, should not be taken at night - renal function and electrolytes should be monitored 2-4 weeks after therapy initiation

Question 13

acei moa

Answer 13

competitive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. preventing angiotensin II stimulation, reduces sympathetic outflow and na reabsorption

Question 14

acei contraindications

Answer 14

history of angioedema, pregnancy, potassium >5mmol/L, use of other RAAS drugs (increased risk of angioedema and hyperkalemia)

Question 15

acei adr

Answer 15

hyperkalemia, aki, dizziness, dry cough, angioedema, liver failure

Question 16

acei notes

Answer 16

almost all are renally eliminated, used in combination with CCBs, target organ protection - good for patients with diabetes, heart failure, mi, stroke or ckd, assess renal function and electrolytes

Question 17

ARB moa

Answer 17

selective reversible competitive antagonist of angiotensin II

Question 18

ARB contraindications

Answer 18

pregnancy, potassium > 5mmol/L, use with other RAAS (increased angioedema risk)

Question 19

ARB adr

Answer 19

hyperkalemia, AKI, dizziness, angioedema (less than acei), rhabdomyolysis

Question 20

ARB notes

Answer 20

may be used in place of acei to prevent certain side effects, combinations with CCB, target organ protection, good for patients with diabetes, hf, mi, stroke, or ckd, assess electrolytes and renal function, no washout period when transitioning to neprilysin inhibitor

Question 21

chlorthalidone dosing

Answer 21

12.5-25 mg daily
patients often started at 25 mg- 12.5 mg tablet is difficult to split

Question 22

hydrochlorothiazide dosing

Answer 22

25-50 mg daily

Question 23

enalapril dosing

Answer 23

5-40 mg in 1-2 divided doses

Question 24

lisinopril dosing

Answer 24

10-40 mg daily

Question 25

losartan dosing

Answer 25

50-100 mg 1-2 divided doses

Question 26

valsartan dosing

Answer 26

80-320 mg daily