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NURS526 > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

if at the first visit, a clients BP is high normal, how often should their BP be recheck

A

yearly

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2
Q

for patients with a normal BP, how often should their BP be rechecked

A

yearly

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3
Q

for patients with high BP actively modifying health behaviors, how often should they follow up

A

3-6 months

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4
Q

how often should you follow up with a patient receiving antihypertensive? when would this change?

A

every 1-2 months until 2 consecutive visits are at or below target then every 3-6 months

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5
Q

what is the cut off to diagnose HTN for OBPM

A

> /= 140/90

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6
Q

what is the cut off to diagnose HTN for ABPM or HBPM

A

> /= 135/85

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7
Q

what standard testing should be preformed for all HTN patients

A

urinalysis, blood chem (K, Na, Cr), FBG or A1C, lipids, 12 lead

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8
Q

when would you order an echocardiogram in a HTN patient

A

if you are concerned about LVH or coronary artery disease like those with evidence of HF

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9
Q

what symptoms might suggest a secondary cause

A

sudden onset age >55 or <33
abdominal bruit
resistant to 3 drugs
increased Cr 30% with ACEI or ARB
pulmonary edema with HTN

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10
Q

what is pheocromocytoma and when might you suspect is

A

adrenal gland tumor
Adrenal mass
labile or unexplained BP
HTN with anasethia or other meds
associated headaches, palpitations, sweating

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11
Q

when might you start a statin without presence of DLD for HTN patients

A

HTN patients with at least 3 cardiovascular risk factors or established atherosclerotic disease

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12
Q

what are the main classes of medication used to treat HTN

A

ACEI
ARB
CCB
thiazide like diuretics

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13
Q

without any other indications, at what threshold should HTN medication be started for those without target organ damage or other risk factors and those with?

A

without: >/=160/100
With: >/= 140/90

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14
Q

when is a beta blocker an appropriate first line monotherapy

A

patients younger than 60 with uncomplicated HTN and no other compelling factors

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15
Q

what medication should not be started in black patients

A

ACEI

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16
Q

what are adrenal causes of secondary hypertension

A

primary hyperaldosteronism
cushing syndrom
tumors (pheocrhomocytomas)

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17
Q

paroxysmal HTN, headaches, palpitations, and sweating are signs of what?

A

pheochromocytomas

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18
Q

what are renal causes of HTN

A

renal artery stenosis
diabetic nephropathy
glomerulonephritis
polycystic kidney disease

19
Q

a young individual with HTN and signs of decreased renal perfusion may have what?

A

renal artery stenosis

20
Q

unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis mya cause CKD?

A

Bilateral

21
Q

what anti hypertensive should not be given to patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACE-I

22
Q

what is an aortic cause of secondary HTN

A

coarctation of aorta
isolated systolic HTN in elderly

23
Q

what are metabolic causes of secondary HTN

A

hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

24
Q

what medications may cause HTN

A

estrogen
cocaine
MAOIs with tyramine foods like cheese and wine

25
Q

what would your fundoscopic exam reveal with hypertensive retinopathies

A

dot and flame shaped hemorrhages
AV nicking
silver and copper wiring

26
Q

what are the main cardiac complications of HTN

A

LVH
atherosclerosis leading to CAD
aortic dissection

27
Q

true or false: properly managed HTN provides the greatest benefit in reducing risk of stroke

A

true

28
Q

what are the renal complications of HTN

A

renal failure

29
Q

what is the difference between HTN urgency and emergency

A

both with BP <180/120 but no evidence of end organ damage with urgency

30
Q

what are the neurological findings of acute end organ damage

A

headache
altered LOC
seizure
papilledema
stroke

31
Q

what are the cardiac manifestations of acute end organ damage

A

MI
pulmonar edema
aortic dissection

32
Q

what are the renal manifestations of acute end organ damage

A

increased BUN or Cr
hematuria
microalbuminuria

33
Q

what are the 4 main classes of HTN medication

A

ACE-I
ARBs
Thiazide diuretics
long active CCB

34
Q

what classes of medication should be used to treat HTN with HF

A

ACE-I or ARBs
Thiazide diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists
beta blockers

35
Q

Although any class can be used for HTN with diabetes, which class is protective against diabetic nephropathy

A

ACE-I or ARBs

36
Q

what medication should be avoided in patients with asthma

A

ACE-I

37
Q

hydrochlorothiazide is what class of medication

A

thiazide diuretic

38
Q

ramipril is what class of medication

A

ACE-I

39
Q

candesartan is what class of medication

A

ARB

40
Q

Amlodipine is what class of medication

A

CCB

41
Q

what labs should be monitored for patients on ACE-I

A

Electrolytes (K)
Cr and GFR
BUN

42
Q

what are risk factors for HTN

A

DM
CKD
poor diet
sedentary behavior

43
Q

is ASA recommended for primary prevention in HTN management

A

no

44
Q

what is goal BP for patient with HTN and DM

A

<130/80

NURS526 (13 decks)

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