GI/Renal Flashcards
When GFR is at what level should you refer to nephrology
> 30
how is AKI differentiated from AKI
decreased in renal function for more than 3 months
what are the main causes of kidney disease
HTN
DM (diabetic nephropathy)
glomerulonephritis (inflammatory conditions and infection)
Polycystic kidney disease
NSAIDs
what would you expect to see in electrolytes with kidney damage
increase potassium
increased phosphate
decreased calcium
increased sodium (when very severe)
what are common signs and symptoms of kidney disease caused by increased fluid retention
pulmonary edema
HTN
peripheral edema
albuminuria signifies what
damage to the kidneys
what is azotemia
increased urea from kidney damage
what are some possible neuro complications of kidney disease
encephalopathy
asteristix
seizures
coma
what are some cardiac complications of kidney disease
uremic pericarditis
pericardial effusions
what is uremic frost
urea crystals on the skin from uremia caused by chronic kidney disease
true or false: chronic kidney disease increases your bleeding risk
true
what would you expect to see on CBC for CKD
decreased RBCs
what antihypertensive is renal protective
ACE-I
CKD may cause increased or decreased parathyroid hormone
increased
(hyperparathyroidism secondary to hypocalcemia)
how does CKD affect the bones
increased breakdown of bone = increased risk of #
would you expect a metabolic acidosis or alkalosis from CKD
acidosis
true or false: CKD will not affect the level of lipids in the blood stream
false, can cause hyperlipidemia with increased TG and increased LDL
how is CKD staged
Based on GFR
what are the hallmark findings of CKD and AKI
decreased GFR
increased Cr
albumin in the urine
at what GFR level would you start to see overt symptoms of CKD
not until <35, so important to know risks and when to screen
what nonpharmacological treatments are used for kidney disease
protein and sodium restriction
strict fluid monitoring
avoiding nephrotoxic medications
whats the BP goal in CKD
<130/80
what antihypertensives might you consider for CKD
ACE-I
ARBs
Potassium sparing diuretics
what is the goal HBA1C for DM with CKD
<6.5%
what part of the bowel does chrons affect
any part of the GI tract
what disease causes skip lesions and where are they most often seen
crohns disease, usually seen in ileum
what is the main symptoms of crohns
watery, non bloody diarrhea
RLQ pain
which IBD has transmural inflammation
Crohns disease