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NURS526 > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pathophysiology of CAD

A

coronary arteries narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque, plaque ruptures, or spasms

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2
Q

what is a carotid bruit indicative of

A

atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries which increases risk of stoke

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3
Q

what are some indications for ordering an echo

A

evaluation of heart function
assessment of murmurs
diagnosing HF
evaluation of masses or thrombi

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4
Q

what is the purpose of ASA in CAD

A

antiplatelet effect to prevent thrombosis
secondary prevention of cardiovascular events

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5
Q

what are the benefits of beta blockers especially after an MI

A

improve blood flow to the myocardium and may help remodel and strengthen the heart

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6
Q

what happens if a person using a nitro patch does not include a patch free period each day

A

increased risk of developing a tolerance to the medication

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7
Q

how long should a patients patch free period each day be for nitro patch

A

8-12 hours

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8
Q

using the pneumonic SADCHF, what are the causes of atherosclerosis

A

smoking
advanced age
DM
cholesterol (high LDL and low HDL)
HTN
Family hx

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9
Q

what is the next step for CAD after a positive stress test

A

send for angiogram or CTA to identify lesion

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10
Q

what medications are used for treatment of stable angina

A

ASA
nitro
beta blockers
statins

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11
Q

when is ABI indicated

A

over age 60 or over age 50 with DM or smoker

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12
Q

how do you determine ABI

A

systolic ankle blood pressure over systolic brachial blood pressure

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13
Q

what is a normal ABI

A

0.9-1.4

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14
Q

an ABI <0.9 indicated what

A

arterial disease

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15
Q

HTN and hyperlipidemia is risk for vascular or arterial insufficiency

A

arterial

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16
Q

what is elevation pallor and dependent rubor and what is it a sign of

A

foot turning pale when elevated and turning red when turned down
sign of PVD

17
Q

what is rest pain

A

continous pain when extremity elevated that is relieved when lowered. Sign of PVD

18
Q

what is intermittent claudication

A

pain in the led while walking that is relieved by rest caused by PAD

19
Q

what medications are used in PAD

A

ASA
ACE-I or ARBs
Pentoxifylline or cilostazol for claudication pain

20
Q

what are indications for a patient with PAD to undergo percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

A

intermittent claudication that does not respond to treatment, rest pain, gangrene

21
Q

whats the difference between primary and secondary raynauds

A

primary - symmetrical, idiopathic
secondary - asymmetrical, caused by something

22
Q

what are the causes of secondary raynauds

A

lupus
RA
scleroderma

23
Q

what is the definition of raynauds phenomenon

A

vasospasm in terminating tissues (fingers, toes, nose, ears)

24
Q

which fingers are most often affected by raynaus

A

index, middle, and ring finger

25
Q

what happens to the fingers with raynauds

A

sudden onset vasospasm causes fingers to go white, to blue, to red lasts 15-20 minutes

26
Q

what are some common triggers for raynauds

A

cold, smoking, stress

27
Q

what are the main risk factors for raynauds

A

female
age 15-40
family history

28
Q

what are symptoms of a raynauds exacerabtion

A

pain, numbness, swelling, decreased coordination

29
Q

what are some lifestyle changes to help with raynauds

A

keep warm (gloves, hats)
stop smoking
stress relief
avoid vasoconstricting drugs

30
Q

what is first line treatment for raynauds

A

environmental meaures/managing triggers

31
Q

what medications may be used for raynauds

A

nifedipine then can try vasodilator like hydralazine or przosin

32
Q

what medications may exacerbate raynauds

A

estrogen, nicotine, beta blockers, pseudoephedrine

NURS526 (13 decks)

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