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HT U2 Flashcards

1
Q

closely aggregated polyhedral cells adhering strongly to one another and to a thin layer of ECM

A

Epithelial tissues

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2
Q

Principal functions of Epithelial Tissues

A
  • protecting surfaces
  • lines internal closed cavities and body tubes
  • forms secretory portion of glands and ducts
  • absorption
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3
Q

2 classification of Epithelia

A
  1. Shape of cells present - squamous, cuboidal, columnar
  2. Number of cell layers - simple, stratified
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4
Q

T/F The structural integrity of epithelial tissues is maintained by adhesion of epithelial cells to one another as to the structural extracellular matrix.

A

True

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5
Q

5 Epithelial Cell Junctions

A
  1. Tight Junction (Zonula Occludens) : sealer proteins
  2. Adherent Junction (Zonula Adherens) : adheres one cell to another
  3. Desmosome (Macula Adherens) : resist shearing forces
  4. Hemidesmosome - binds cell to basal lamina
  5. Gap Junction (Nexus) - allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions
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6
Q

Barr Body

Definition
Location

A
  • Inactive X chromosome with double alleles
  • WBCs
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7
Q

Stereocilia

Definition
Location

A
  • for absorption
  • Epididymis and Testis
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8
Q

Microvilli

Definition
Location
Disease associated

A
  • extensions that reflect movements, and have actin filaments
  • Small Intestine
  • Celiac disease : loss of microvilli brush border
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9
Q

Cilia

Definition
Location
Disease associated

A
  • long, highly motile structures, larger than microvilli
  • Trachea, Bronchi of Lungs
  • Kartagener Syndrome : immotile cilia
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10
Q

Flagella

Definition
Location

A
  • enables sperm to be motile
  • Sperm Cells
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11
Q

Nissl bodies

Definition
Location

A
  • small structures around the neuron
  • Neurons
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12
Q

Organs lined with Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Buccal Cells, Tunica Intima, Liver, Alveoli of Lungs, Kidney (Renal Corpuscle), Glomerulus

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13
Q

Organs lined with Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Kidney Tubule, Germinal Epithelium of Ovary, Thyroid Gland (Thyroid Follicle)

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14
Q

Organs lined with Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

GI Tract, Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Stomach, Gall Bladder, Oviduct

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15
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Keratinized)

A

Skin (Epidermis)

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16
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Non-Keratinized)

A

Vagina, Esophagus

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17
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Cuboidal

A

Sweat Glands, Developing Ovarian Follicles, Sublingual Gland, Parotid Gland, Submaxillary Gland

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18
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Columnar

A

Male Urethra, Conjunctiva

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19
Q

Organs lined with Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (Ciliated)

A

Trachea, Bronchi of Lungs, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens

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20
Q

Organs lined with Transitional Epithelium

A

Urinary Bladder, Renal Pelvis

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21
Q

Organ which has a binucleated characteristic

A

Liver

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22
Q

Buccal Cells

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Polyhedral, Flat
F: For exchange and lubrication

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23
Q

Human Liver

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Polyhedral
F: Barrier & Absorption

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24
Q

Alveolar Wall of Lungs

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Flat
F: Gas Exchange

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25
Q

Human Artery

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Flat
F: Diffusion, Barrier Absorption

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26
Q

Renal Corpuscle of Kidney

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Flat
F: Absorption

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27
Q

Kidney Tubules

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Cuboidal
M: Cube-like
F : Absorption and Secretion

28
Q

Duodenum

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Columnar; has Brunner’s gland
M: Column-like
F: Absorption

29
Q

Jejunum

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Columnar; has goblet cells
M: Column-like
F: Absorption

30
Q

Skin (Epidermis)

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Keratinized Stratified Squamous
SURFACE: Squamous w/ Keratin
MIDDLE: Polyhedral
BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal
F: Protection Against Abrasion

31
Q

Scalp

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Keratinized Stratified Squamous
SURFACE: Squamous w/ Keratin
MIDDLE: Polyhedral
BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal
F: Protection Against Abrasion

32
Q

Esophagus

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous
SURFACE: Squamous w/o Keratin
MIDDLE: Polyhedral
BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal
F: Protection Against Abrasion, Lubrication

33
Q

Vagina

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous
SURFACE: Squamous w/o Keratin
MIDDLE: Polyhedral
BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal
F: Protection Against Abrasion, Lubrication

34
Q

Trachea

Lining Epithelium
Function

A

E: Pseudostratified Columnar (Ciliated)
F: Mucus Secretion

35
Q

Epididymis

Lining Epithelium
Function

A

E: Pseudostratified Columnar w/ Stereocilia
F: Stores and transports sperm

36
Q

Urinary Bladder

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Transitional Epithelium
SURFACE: Umbrella-Shaped
MIDDLE: Pyriform
BASE: Columnar/Polyhedral
F: Distensibility

37
Q

Submaxillary Gland

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E : Stratified Cuboidal
L : 2 layers of cuboidal
F : Protection

38
Q

Sublingual Gland

Lining Epithelium

A

E: Stratified Cuboidal

39
Q

Male Urethra

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E: Stratified Columnar
APICAL : Columnar
BASAL : Cuboidal
F: Protection

40
Q

Parotid Gland

Lining Epithelium

A

E: Stratified Cuboidal

41
Q

Thyroid Gland

Lining Epithelium
Function

A

E: Simple Cuboidal
F: Secretion

42
Q

Gall Bladder

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Columnar
M: Column-like
F: Absorption

43
Q

Ovary

Lining Epithelium
Function

A

E: Simple Cuboidal
F: produces ovum

44
Q

Difference of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiac Muscle

A

Cardiac muscles have intercalated disks while skeletal muscles don’t

45
Q

5 Types of WBC (from most common to least)

A

Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

46
Q

Submaxillary Gland

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E : Stratified Cuboidal
L : 2 layers of cuboidal
F : Protection

47
Q

Submaxillary Gland

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E : Stratified Cuboidal
L : 2 layers of cuboidal
F : Protection

48
Q

Renal Pelvis

Lining Epithelium
Layers
Function

A

E : Transitional
M : Squamous to Cuboidal
F : secretes mucus

49
Q

formed by epithelial downgrowths into underlying tissue

A

Epithelial glands

50
Q

Epithelial glands that remain attached to their epithelial origin and deliver their secretions

A

Exocrine glands

51
Q

Ductless glands and do not maintain a connection to the outside

A

Endocrine glands

52
Q

4 Classifications of Epithelial Glands

A
  1. Number and morphology of secretory units
  2. Branching of their ducts
  3. Type of secretory products that they manufacture
  4. Mechanisms of secretions of cell products
53
Q

2 Types of Glands

A
  1. Simple - ducts not branched
  2. Compound - ducts with two or more branches
54
Q

2 Secretory Portions of glands

A
  1. Tubular - short or long and coiled
  2. Acinar - rounded and saclike
55
Q

Types of Compound glands

A
  1. Multiple Tubular
  2. Acinar
  3. Tubuloacinar
56
Q

Three Basic Mechanisms of Epithelial Glands

A
  1. Merocrine secretion - secretory cells release secretion
  2. Holocrine secretion - Entire secretory unit destroyed in the process of secretion
  3. Apocrine secretion - Cytoplasm removed from secretory unit
57
Q

5 Types of Simple Exocrine Glands

A
  1. Simple Tubular - elongated secretory portion
  2. Branched Tubular - several long secretory parts = 1 duct
  3. Coiled Tubular - secretory portion = very long and coiled
  4. Acinar or Alveolar - rounded, saclike secretory portion
  5. Branched Acinar - multiple saclike portions = same duct
58
Q

3 Types of Compound Glands

A
  1. Tubular - Secretory units = form large ducts
  2. Acinar - Secretory units with small ducts = larger duct
  3. Tubuloacinar - Ducts of both tubular and acinar = large duct
59
Q

Examples of Simple Tubular

A

Mucous glands of colon, Intestinal glands

60
Q

Examples of Branched Tubular

A

Glands in uterus and stomach

61
Q

Examples of Coiled Tubular

A

Sweat Glands

62
Q

Examples of Acinar/Alveolar

A

Small mucous glands along urethra

63
Q

Examples of Branched acinar

A

Sebaceous glands of skin

64
Q

Examples of Compound Tubular Glands

A

Submucosal lands in the duodenum

65
Q

Examples of Complex Acinar Glands

A

Exocrine pancreas

66
Q

Examples of Tubuloacinar

A

Parotid Gland, Salivary glands

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