HPV vaccines Flashcards
PV grows in tissue cultures like
HeLa or Vero cells
.
.
What are most commonly HPV vaccinse composed of
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of L1
Cervavrix (UK)
What cell is used
Adjuvant
VLP formation
HPV types its effective against
Insect cells with recombinant baculovirus
ASO4, alum, TL4 ligand, MPL
Truncated L1, forms VLPs
16/18
Gardasil
What cell is used
Adjuvant
VLP formation
HPV types its effective against
Yeast
Alum based
VLPs are disassembled and reassembled
16/18/6/11
How many doses does HPV vaccination require
Three IM doses
In Cervavix why is L1 truncated
Helps with synthesis and impurities
In Gardasil were was L1 cloned from and why didn’t it work so what was used instead to get it from
From carcinoma, was mutated.
Repeated with L1 from lesion
What HPV vaccine did the UK switch to
Gardasil
How many doses are now considered sufficient
Two of Gardasil
What do Pap smearts detect
Abnormal cells (koilocyes) indicative of HPV
In situ hybridisation is useful in what
Diagnosis
Are CINs cancer?
No but can develop into it
What does in situ hybridisation localise
Specific DNA/RNA sequences, PCR can be used to detect HPV16 in CINIII
Treatment of CIN 2/3 often involves what surgery
Conisation: Excise wedge from cervix including transformation zone, high risk of coming back
Imiquimod is an analogue of what
Imidazoquinolone is an analogue of guanosisine
What does Imiquimod activate
TLR7/TLR8 mediated inflammatory responses in DCs
What cancers is imiquimod used for
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carnicomas
Herd immunity requires how much uptake
85%
Oral HPV is more common in what sex; what cancer does it cause
Men, causing head and neck cancers
What are co-infections common with what type of HPV
HPV45, they are common and commener with ager
New approaches to HPV vaccines
- Include L1 from other HPVs? i.e. 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52 and 58 –
- Inclusion of L2 – would this increase efficacy or cross-type specificity?
- Epitope swapping
- An RNA vaccine
Gardasil 9 contains what GPV types
HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52 and 58 which are most commonly known to cause cervical cancer.
How are RNAs vaccines possible
Alternatively could make a cheaper more accessible one, making it in E. coli, a subunit-vaccine, delivery alongside current vaccines or novel delivery strat.
An E.coli derived vaccine could pose a problem due to LPS, animal vaccines are an option, cell free expression is still expensive
Therapeutic vaccies could include for those already infected
Viral DNA
Viral proteins/peptide
Peptide presentation systems
Describe a generic VLP vaccine scaffold (tip think of HepB)
Use a VLP that is easy to make to present foreign epitopes like hep B core particles decorated with HPV sequences. This is a generic VLP vaccine scaffold.
What are aptamers
Oligonucleotides that fold into complex structures and bind to their targets in a conformation-dependent manner
RNA aptamers are produced how
Produced via SELEC (in vitro selection), sequenntial rounds of +ve and -ve selelction with target of interest. Stabilised against nuclease attack with fluoropyrimidines
What aptamer is approved for clinical use , site of injection
Macugen, injected into eye
What type of wave could potentially be used therapetutically
Microwave
