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Semester 2 W7 Gender, family and culture > HPO axis and menstrual cycle > Flashcards

HPO axis and menstrual cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the physiology of the HPO axis and

normal menstrual cycle.

A

LOs

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2
Q

What is the other name for gonadotrophin-releasign hormone (GnRH)

A

Lutenising hormone releasing hormone

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3
Q

What does Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone do?

A

Binds to gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, leading to release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenising hormone (LH)

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4
Q

What does HPO axis stand for?

A

Hypothlamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

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5
Q

When is the follicular phase

A

Day 0-14 of menstrual cyclez

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6
Q

When is the luteal phase

A

Day 14-28 of menstrual cycle

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7
Q

Why does FSH hormone concentration initially rise at the start of the follicular phase?

A

It stimulates maturation of the follicle from primary to secondary

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8
Q

What do follicles produce as they mature to secondary follicles?

A

Oestrogen

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9
Q

What effect does oestrogen have in the forst 10 days of the menstrual cycle? (low conc)

A

Negative feedback on pituitary gland, inhibiting release of leutenising hormone

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10
Q

When is FSH primarily secreted

A

In response to low oestrogen concentrations

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11
Q

What other systemic impacts does oestrogen have on women

A

Stimulates bone and muscle growth, stimulates endometrial (uterus) growth, female secondary characteristics, maintains glands

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12
Q

What effect does oestrogen have after 10 days

A

Oestrogen levels continue to rise, higher levels of oestrogen have a positive feedback effect, stimulating release of lutenising hormone

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13
Q

How does GnRH production vary across the follicular period

A

Increases

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14
Q

What triggers the ovulation of the most mature follice

A

The massive spike in LH

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15
Q

What happens to LH levels post ovulation

A

They drop, as does GnRH. FSH has a small spike due to LH mirroring LH

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16
Q

What is the oocyte

A

The female egg, released from follicle post ovulation

17
Q

What happens to the follicle post ovulation

A

It becomes the corpus luteum/dead follicle

Ie luteal phase

18
Q

What does the corpus luteum generally do during the luteal phase

A

Slowly degrades and secretes hormones

19
Q

What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Oestrogen, inhibin, and progesterone

20
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Negative feedback, inhibits FSH secretion because inhibin is produced in the luteal phase, we dont need any more follicles to mature yet

21
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Negative effect on hypothalamus, reducing secretion of GnRH, as oestrogen level slowly decreases

STIMULATES ENDOMETRIAL GROWTH

22
Q

What happens to LH, FSH, and GnRH in the luteal phase

A

They decrease concentration

23
Q

What happens when corpus luteum degenerates at the end of the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone level decreases, can no longer inhibit GnRH, levels increase, leading to a new cycle. No progesterone means endometrium cannot be sustained, so sheds as period

24
Q

What is oestradiol?

A

A form of oestrogen

25
Q

What does oestradiol do?

A

Prepares female reproductive tract for fertilisation/implantation,

Induces progesterone receptor expression,

Stimulates the proliferation of epithelial lining of tubal epithelium, sugar rich fluid

Stimulates endometrial hyperplasia and hypertrophy of epithelial lining.

26
Q

When is GnRH used in a therapeutic sense?

A

Endometriosis (endometrial tissue grows outside uterine cavity), continued GnRH inhibits gonadatrophin secretion, reduces oestrogen levels, reducing endometriotic tissue

27
Q

does GnRH exposure reduce gonadatrophin secretion?

A

If exposure is continous

28
Q

What does fixed combination OCP mean

A

Dosage of oestrogen and progestin is the same

29
Q

What does varying-dose ocp mean

A

2-3 different dosages of oestrogen and progestin

30
Q

What is the minipill

A

Progestin only

31
Q

How do contraceptive steroids work

A

Supress LH and FSH, no follicular development or LH ovulation

Progestin causes cervical mucous thickening, increases viscosity,

32
Q

Which cells in the follicle respond to LH

A

Theca cells

33
Q

Which cells in the follicle respond to FSH

A

Granulosa cells

Semester 2 W7 Gender, family and culture (9 decks)

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