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HPL VLE School-Finals > HPL Psychology 1 - revision questions > Flashcards

HPL Psychology 1 - revision questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 of the following statements best describes methods for successful conflict resolution?

  1. Active listening
  2. Defend your position strongly
  3. Seek arbitration
  4. Be aware of cultural influences
    Answer in alphabetical order
A

[Active listening]
[Be aware of cultural differences]
[Seek arbitration]

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2
Q

Which of the following human factors are either cumulative or tend to escalate?

  1. Stress factors
  2. Errors
  3. Colour blindness
  4. Carbon monoxide poisoning
  5. Impulsiveness
  6. Human conflict
A

[Errors]
[Stress factors]
[Human conflict]
[Carbon Monoxide poisoning]

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3
Q

The tendency to avoid making difficult choices or accepting responsibility exhibits an attitude of [ ].

A

[resignation]

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4
Q

A Captain is instructed by ATC to taxi to the holding point and given a take off clearance after a rolling start. The Captain declined the clearance as he needed to complete the checklist. This behaviour is described as
[ ].

A

[disciplined]

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5
Q

Between the [ ] and [ ] components of the SHELL model a pilot may misinterpret the analogue 3-point altimeter.

A

[Liveware] [Hardware]

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6
Q

The maximum number of items that can be stored in the working memory is [ ].

A

[7]

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7
Q

Motor programmes (skills) are kept in the
[ ] part of the long-term memory.

A

[procedural]

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8
Q

If a pilot becomes distracted and does not complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it, a [ ] type of human error may be triggered

A

[lapse]

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9
Q

An unnoticed waypoint error is an example of
[ ].

A

[latent error]

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10
Q

Having prepared a response to an expected stimulus, the prepared response is carried out in spite of the fact that a quite different stimulus occurs. This is called [ ].

A

[environmental capture]

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11
Q

An individual assesses risk based on [ ] and [ ]

A

[personal perception] [situation evaluation]

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12
Q

The purpose of crew briefings is to

A

[confirm responsibilities and procedures].

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13
Q

The purpose of checklists and call-outs is to

A

[ensure effective monitoring].

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14
Q

A major source of error using check lists is that they may be responded to [ ] rather than [ ].

A

[automatically] [diligently]

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15
Q

The effect stress has on arousal is to

A

[increase arousal to optimum].

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16
Q

A physiological stressor in the flight crew compartment is [ ].

A

[engine noise]

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17
Q

The 3 stages of GAS are

A

[Alarm, resistance, exhaustion].

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18
Q

A crew ready to depart Orlando, USA bound for Manchester, UK are experiencing severe thunderstorm activity. The decision to delay take-off is an example of

A

[direct action coping].

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19
Q

A coping strategy for long term stress is

A

[counselling techniques].

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20
Q

One of the dangers of mental models is that we actively seek information to [ ] it.

A

[confirm]

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21
Q

Which statement is true about the working memory?

a.It varies considerably in size between an experienced pilot and a novice pilot

b.It is sensitive to interruptions which may erase all or some of its contents

c.It is unlimited in capacity

d.It is unlimited in duration

A

b.It is sensitive to interruptions which may erase all or some of its contents

22
Q

What other factors will ensure the future competency of the individual pilot?
Select one:

-Health & Wealth.

-Motivation & Attitude.

-Integrity and Punctuality.

-Cheerfulness & Personality.

A

-Motivation & Attitude.

23
Q

Given that the aviation accident rate is falling, why is the number of accidents rising?
Select one:

-The accident statistics are difficult to keep up to date.

-Airspace is saturated so mid-air collisions are more likely.

-The industry is growing rapidly.

-Larger aircraft make up a higher proportion of accidents.

A

-The industry is growing rapidly.

24
Q

The most significant item of technical equipment introduced in the 1980s & 1990s which has contributed to a reduction in accidents is:
Select one:

-AFDS

-GPWS

-EFIS

-ATIS

A

-GPWS

(Ground Proximity Warning System)

25
Q

In an organisation with a good safety culture, employees are encouraged to

a.share information amongst employees but only occasionally with management

b.report errors without fear of punishment

c.trust the organisation to remove employees who cause errors

d.blame fellow employees for mistakes

A

b.report errors without fear of punishment

26
Q

Which of the following is the most important basis for a good safety culture?
Select one:

a.A critical incident stress management system.

b.An accident research group.

c.A non-punitive reporting system.

d.A management willing to accept lessons learned.

A

c.A non-punitive reporting system.

27
Q

According to James Reason, an organisation which collects and analyses relevant data relates to which component of safety culture?

a.Just

b.Learning

c.Reporting

d.Informed

A

d.Informed

28
Q

The available cognitive resources of the human brain:
Select one:

a.Are virtually unlimited.

b.Allow for simultaneous operation of twin tasks without any loss of effectiveness.

c.Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.

d.Are limited but make it possible to easily perform several tasks at the same time.

A

c.Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.

29
Q

What are the three sub-divisions of the long-term memory?

a.Semantic, episodic and procedural

b.Semantic, elevated and procedural

c.Semantic, episodic and progressive

d.Sensory, episodic and procedural

A

a.Semantic, episodic and procedural

30
Q

What are the three basic approaches to learning?

a.Cognitive, cumulative, modelling

b.Behaviouristic, cognitive, modelling

c.Associative, cognitive, applicable

d.Modelling, automatic, behaviouristic

A

b.Behaviouristic, cognitive, modelling

31
Q

A commander believes that the co-pilot has made a radio call, but, it will not be made for another 5 minutes due to poor prioritisation. The Commander doesn’t ask for the co-pilot to confirm that he made the call. Which option best describes the Commander’s situation?

a.An action slip

b.Stress

c.Confirmation bias

d.A false mental model

A

d.A false mental model

32
Q

Whilst in VMC en-route to the destination airfield in mountainous terrain, an instrument fails. The pilot decides to continue the flight. When nearing the destination airfield, the weather deteriorates to IMC conditions. The pilot continues with the flight and crashes into a mountain. What type of error is this?

a.Error chain

b.Action slip

c.Lapse error

d.Design error

A

a.Error chain

33
Q

Which of the following statements best fits the definition of an active error? Active error is:
Select one:

a.Rare in frontline actions and difficult to detect owing to the fact that it usually occurs in a complex system of uncontrolled and involuntary deviations

b.Produced by the operator and can be rapidly detected.

c.Essentially results from the application of a bad rule or the poor application of a good rule by aeroplane designers.

d.Produced either by a frontline operator or by a remote operator and results in a hidden or latent consequence at a specific moment of the action.

A

b.Produced by the operator and can be rapidly detected.

34
Q

Which of the following statements best fits the concept of latent error?
Select one:

a.Latent errors are mainly associated with the behaviour of frontline operators and are only detected after advanced problem solving.

b.Latent errors are rarely made by frontline operators and are consequently readily identified and detected by the monitoring, detection and warning links.

c.Latent errors may have been present in the system for a certain length of time and are difficult to identify as a result of the time lag between the generation and the occurrence of the error.

d.Latent errors are detected rapidly.

A

c.Latent errors may have been present in the system for a certain length of time and are difficult to identify as a result of the time lag between the generation and the occurrence of the error.

35
Q

Decision-making results in:
Select one:

a.a subjective choice between options to achieve a goal

b.a totally objective choice between options to achieve a goal proposed by the Pilot in Command

c.a choice always based on the experience of the Pilot in Command

d.a choice between different options to achieve a goal

A

d.a choice between different options to achieve a goal

36
Q

The best method to avoid Confirmation Bias is to

a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis

b.Deliberately confirm that the receiver has understood the information that has been passed to him/her

c.Double-check that you have not fitted the ground over which you are passing to your map

d.Use precise and careful pre-flight briefings

A

a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis

37
Q

Which factors may negatively impact an individual’s decision making process?

a.Fatigue, workload, over-confidence

b.Peer pressure, too much sleep, shortness of time

c.Loss of situational awareness, workload, adaptability

d.Over-confidence, confirmation bias, innovation

A

a.Fatigue, workload, over-confidence

38
Q

What is meant by risky shift?
Select one:

a.The process by which the central decision maker will ignore any information which does not fit the mental model created to explain phenomena.

b.The tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.

c.The process by which the working memory will offload information to the long-term memory during a high stress situation.

d.A flight or task undertaken at a time when the circadian rhythms are at their lowest level.

A

b.The tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.

39
Q

Which of the following form part of the 9 steps in decision making?

a.Definition of the aim, decision, ergonomics

b.Risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback

c.High workload, risk assessment, consequences

d.Development of options, confirmation bias, implementation

A

b.Risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback

40
Q

Which of the following represents a potential threat in the use of SOPs?

a.Developed habits

b.Reduced communication between pilots

c.Time consuming

d.Pilot overload during periods of intense activity

A

a.Developed habits

41
Q

What are the advantages of coordination?
Select one:

a.Redundancy, exploration, risky shift.

b.Interaction, cognition, redundancy.

c.Redundancy, synergy, clarification of responsibility.

d.Cooperation, cognition, redundancy.

A

c.Redundancy, synergy, clarification of responsibility.

42
Q

Which of the following behaviours is most disruptive to teamwork under high workload conditions in the cockpit?
Select one:

a.Disciplined.

b.Mentally absent.

c.Jovial.

d.Sensitive.

A

b.Mentally absent.

43
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the roles and norms within a group?
Select one:

a.A person cannot have different roles in different groups.

b.A role is the same as a norm

c.An airline captain must conform to a role as a leader in the aircraft, but can act as a follower in the Yacht Club.

d.Norms are always written as procedures or regulations.

A

c.An airline captain must conform to a role as a leader in the aircraft, but can act as a follower in the Yacht Club.

44
Q

Which is the most likely of the following scenarios which might lead to a conflict between status and role?
Select one:

a.A security officer temporarily standing in for a member of the cabin crew.

b.Two training captains flying together.

c.A trainee air traffic officer working with the senior ATC controller.

d.A manager interviewing an experienced captain of an aircraft.

A

b.Two training captains flying together.

45
Q

The three types of Trans-cockpit Authority Gradients and associated leadership styles are

a.synergistic, autocratic and conformist

b.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic

c.automatic, followership and laisser-faire

d.laisser-faire, macho and synergistic

A

b.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic

46
Q

An increase in workload usually leads to

a.a longer and less frequent exchange of information

b.a shorter and more frequent exchange of information

c.a shorter and less frequent exchange of information

d.a longer and more frequent exchange of information

A

c.a shorter and less frequent exchange of information

47
Q

For a normal and healthy person, personality traits are:
Select one:

a.Easily changed by an outside influence.

b.Easily changeable

c.Unstable

d.Stable

A

d.Stable

48
Q

The main components of a safety management system are:

a.Safety policy, safety risk management, safety assurance and safety promotion

b.Safety regulations, safety risk management, safety awareness and safety promotion

c.Safety policy, safety risk organisation, safety awareness and safety promotion

d.Safety rules, safety risk organisation, safety awareness and safety promotion

A

a.Safety policy, safety risk management, safety assurance and safety promotion

49
Q

The “Break Point” is that point after which, if stress continues to rise

a.Break Point has nothing to do with performance

b.Performance is degraded

c.Performance peaks and remains at this level

d.Performance is enhanced

A

b.performance is degraded

50
Q

What is correct about pre-flight briefings? They should:

a.Cover all possible events

b.Contain very little information to avoid confusing the operating crew

c.Be adapted to each specific flight for the crew to operate effectively

d.Cover activities only during and after the flight

A

c.Be adapted to each specific flight for the crew to operate effectively

HPL VLE School-Finals (24 decks)

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