HPL Practice School Final Flashcards
With regard to behaviour, the ideal pilot is
a.Neither person nor goal orientated
b.Both person and goal orientated
c.Goal rather than person orientated
d.Person rather than goal orientated
b.Both person and goal orientated
The sleep pattern is closely associated with some internal body rhythms, the most important of these is
a.adrenal gland output
b.pressoreceptors
c.body temperature
d.heart rate
c.body temperature
Following a cabin pressure loss at 35000ft the time of useful consciousness will be approximately
[30 ‑ 90 seconds]
The “Break Point” is that point after which, if stress continues to rise
a.performance is degraded
b.performance is enhanced
c.performance peaks and remains at this level
d.Break Point has nothing to do with performance
a.performance is degraded
When operating complex and highly automated aircraft systems, the term ‘mode awareness’ describes
a.The current mode in which the cockpit automation is operating should always be transparent to the pilot and that the interface allows for pilot interaction, including manual override of the automation
b.The pilot should maintain situation awareness as regards the appropriate automation mode required for a particular phase of flight and the opportunity for manual input to interact with the various modes
c.The automation system providing unambiguous feedback to the pilot of its operating mode, including the requirement for specific pilot input depending on the particular phase of flight
d.The pilot’s awareness of the automation mode under which the aircraft is operating and understanding of the interaction between a mode of operation and a particular phase of flight
d.The pilot’s awareness of the automation mode under which the aircraft is operating and understanding of the interaction between a mode of operation and a particular phase of flight
A major source of error using check lists is that they may be responded to [ ]
rather than [ ].
[automatically] [diligently]
It is desirable to standardise as many patterns of behaviour (operational procedures) as possible in commercial aviation is because
a.This lowers the ability requirement in pilot selection
b.This reduces the amount of training required
c.Such behaviour reduces errors
d.It makes the flight deck easier to design
c.Such behaviour reduces errors
If a pilot becomes distracted and does not complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it, a [ ] type of human error may be triggered.
[lapse]
Which if the following statements regarding stress and fatigue is correct?
a.Stress and fatigue may both be positive
b.Fatigue may be positive but stress is always negative
c.Stress and fatigue are synonymous
d.Stress may be positive but fatigue is always negative
d.Stress may be positive but fatigue is always negative
The two types of attention are [ ] and [ ].
[selective] [divided]
Define Hypoxia and explain why living tissues require oxygen
a.Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen for oxidation of carbohydrates from food to produce energy
b.Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require carbon dioxide for metabolism
c.Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen to fight infection or invading bacteria
d.Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen to coagulate the blood in case of infection
a.Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen for oxidation of carbohydrates from food to produce energy
Having commenced final approach a co-pilot is aware that the relevant approach checks have not yet been completed. Due to the high workload and vast experience of the captain the co-pilot is unsure about whether to highlight this. This is an example of [ ].
[intra‑personal conflict]
A crew ready to depart Orlando, USA bound for Manchester, UK are experiencing severe thunderstorm activity. The decision to delay take-off is an example of [ ].
[direct action coping]
A pilot is headed for Courchevel Altiport, French Alps for the first time. The runway has an elevation of 2008m, is 537m long with an upslope gradient of 18.6%. What should the PF anticipate on approach?
a.The pilot may have the illusion of being higher than actual causing the aircraft to land short
b.The pilot may establish a higher than normal approach speed
c.The pilot may have the illusion of performing a steeper than normal approach causing the aircraft to land long
d.The pilot may establish a slower than normal approach speed with increased risk of stalling
a.The pilot may have the illusion of being higher than actual causing the aircraft to land short
The Somatogyral Illusion gives
a.the false impression of turning in the opposite direction when returning to level flight following a prolonged turn
b.the illusion of objects in front of the pilot moving downwards when undergoing linear deceleration
c.the illusion of pitching up when undergoing linear acceleration
d.the illusion of objects in front of the pilot moving downwards when undergoing linear acceleration
a.the false impression of turning in the opposite direction when returning to level flight following a prolonged turn
Hypoxic Hypoxia
a.is caused by the inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen
b.is not affected by smoking
c.can occur at any altitude
d.only occurs at altitudes over 10,000 ft. in the case of a healthy individual
c.can occur at any altitude
How many bouts of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep typically occur in a 8 hour sleep period?
[4 or 5]
Situations particularly vulnerable to “reversion to an earlier behaviour pattern” (Regression) are:
- when concentration on a particular task is relaxed
2.when situations are characterised by medium workload
3.when situations are characterised by stress
a.2 and 3 only are correct
b.3 only is correct
c.1 and 3 only are correct
d.1 and 2 are only correct
c.1 and 3 only are correct
How will the successful completion of a stressful task affect a pilot’s performance when a similar situation is experienced in the future?
a.The stress level experienced will increase
b.The amount of stress experienced will be less
c.Any stress will cause a reduction in performance
d.The amount of stress experienced will be the same
b.The amount of stress experienced will be less
An aircraft in the cruise and FL360 experiences an explosive decompression. What is the procedure?
a.Check cabin altitude, don an oxygen mask and maintain level flight
b.Inform ATC, check cabin crew, set gradual descent
c.Don an oxygen mask, emergency descent to below 10,000ft or MSA, land as soon as possible
d.Declare an emergency, brief cabin crew, descend to below 10,000ft
c.Don an oxygen mask, emergency descent to below 10,000ft or MSA, land as soon as possible
The main variable for the control of human respiration is
[carbon dioxide concentration]
After crossing time zones, the time formula for the adjustment of body rhythms to the new local time scale is
a.Approximately 90 minutes for each day in the new time zone
b.Approximately 30 minutes for each day in the new time zone
c.Approximately 60 minutes for each day in the new time zone
d.Approximately 80 minutes for each day in the new time zone
a.Approximately 90 minutes for each day in the new time zone
A crew on final approach and at other similarly typical times of high workload usually finds the choice of words and their packaging become more important in the cockpit of an aircraft due to loss of
[metacommunications]
The phases of the GAS are
a.Cognitive, physical and imaginary
b.Psychological, Psychosomatic and Somatic
c.Physiological, Psychosomatic and Somatic
d.Alarm, Resistance Exhaustion
d.Alarm, Resistance Exhaustion
An increase in workload usually leads to
a.a longer and more frequent exchange of information
b.a longer and less frequent exchange of information
c.a shorter and less frequent exchange of information
d.a shorter and more frequent exchange of information
c.a shorter and less frequent exchange of information
Which human function is most sensitive to lack of oxygen?
a.Hearing
b.Touch
c.Motor co-ordination
d.Night vision
c.Motor co-ordination
The eye can fully adjust to high levels of illumination in
a.30 minutes and darkness in 10 minutes
b.30 minutes and darkness in 10 seconds
c.10 seconds and darkness in 30 minutes
d.10 minutes and darkness in 30 minutes
c.10 seconds and darkness in 30 minutes
The most dangerous characteristic of perception is that it
a.is extremely resistant to correction
b.can easily be changed
c.will only occur under conditions of stress
d.will mainly occur under conditions of relaxation
a.is extremely resistant to correction
The three types of Trans-cockpit Authority Gradients and associated leadership styles are
a.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic
b.laisser-faire, macho and synergistic
c.automatic, followership and laisser-faire
d.synergistic, autocratic and conformist
a.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic
Two of the most important early signs of hypoxic hypoxia are [ ] and
[ ].
[personality change] [impaired judgement]
What causes decompression sickness/illness (DCS/DCI) and how can it be prevented?
a.DCS is caused by CO2 coming out of solution and can be prevented by breathing 100% oxygen
b.DCS is caused by hydrogen coming out of solution and can be prevented by pre-breathing 100% oxygen before flight
c.DCS is caused by nitrogen coming out of solution and can be prevented by pre-breathing 100% oxygen before flight
d.DCS is caused by CO coming out of solution and can be prevented by checking for leaking cockpit heaters and not smoking
c.DCS is caused by nitrogen coming out of solution and can be prevented by pre-breathing 100% oxygen before flight
Anxiety affects
1. Judgement
2. Attention
3. Memory
4. Concentration
a.1 and 2 only
b.1, 2 and 4 only
c.1 only
d.all
d.all
According to James Reason, an organisation which collects and analyses relevant data relates to which component of safety culture?
a.Just
b.Informed
c.Learning
d.Reporting
b.Informed
Vision of terrain relief (e.g. hills, valleys etc)
a.Is impossible if a pilot wears sunglasses
b.Is based on binocular vision at short distance
c.Is impossible with only one eye
d.Is possible only at a distance beyond 200m
b.Is based on binocular vision at short distance
The filters of perception are considered to be
a.learning and study
b.knowledge and Briefing
c.intuition and realisation
d.past experience and learning
d.past experience and learning
Which of the following describes the conditions which cause the “black hole effect” and the danger it poses to flight safety?
a.The “black hole effect” can be caused by flying over featureless terrain on the approach to an airfield which can create the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it is, leading to a high approach being flown
b.The “black hole effect” can be caused by flying over water at night on the approach to an airfield which can create the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it is, leading to a high approach being flown
c.The “black hole effect” can be caused by flying under instruments with poor cockpit lighting
d.The “black hole effect” can be caused by flying over water at night on the approach to an airfield which can create the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it is, leading to a low approach being flown
d.The “black hole effect” can be caused by flying over water at night on the approach to an airfield which can create the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it is, leading to a low approach being flown
Which of the following is an environmental threat according to the TEM model?
a.A crew scheduling error
b.Aircraft hardware design
c.A contaminated runway
d.A maintenance error
c.A contaminated runway
Anxiety and fear can cause
[hyperventilation].
Whilst flying in cloud a pilot is concentrating on the instruments whilst sub-consciously monitoring other stimuli. When attention is shifted, this is described as the Cocktail Party Effect and is an example of
[selective] [attention].
In an organisation with a good safety culture, employees are encouraged to
a.blame fellow employees for mistakes
b.trust the organisation to remove employees who cause errors
c.share information amongst employees but only occasionally with management
d.report errors without fear of punishment
d.report errors without fear of punishment
Which behaviour is most likely to promote a constructive solution to inter-personal conflict?
a.Defending your own point of view
b.Preparing counter-arguments
c.Actively listening to another point of view
d.Resigning to another point of view
c.Actively listening to another point of view
Civil aviation is generally recognised for being a
a.national culture
b.open culture activity
c.Open culture but restricted to cabin crew
d.closed culture activity
b.open culture activity
Between the [ ] and [ ] components of the SHELL model a pilot may misinterpret the analogue 3-point altimeter.
[Liveware] [Hardware]
Having prepared a response to an expected stimulus, the prepared response is carried out in spite of the fact that a quite different stimulus occurs. This is called
[environmental capture]
Pilot stress reactions
a.remain unchanged by the environment or different situations but change mainly with the characters themselves
b.are fairly similar for most pilots
c.differs from pilot to pilot depending on how a person manages a particular stressor
d.are related to an internationally recognised list of stressors where the top ten items should be avoided by every means
c.differs from pilot to pilot depending on how a person manages a particular stressor
Physical stress takes place when
a.the brain can no longer cope due to either quantitative or qualitative overload
b.the neurons in the nervous system become overloaded
c.outside conditions put a strain upon the homeostatic mechanisms of the body
d.The perceived demand is greater than the perceived ability
c.outside conditions put a strain upon the homeostatic mechanisms of the body
Saturation of oxygen in the blood at sea level is approximately 98%. This sat uration decreases with:
1. decreasing air pressure
2. carbon monoxide poisoning
3. increasing altitude
4. increasing air pressure
a.1 and 3 only are correct
b.2, 3 and 4 only are correct
c.1, 2 and 4 only are correct
d.1, 2 and 3 only are correct
d.1, 2 and 3 only are correct
The best method to avoid Confirmation Bias is to
a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis
b.use precise and careful pre-flight briefings
c.Double-check that you have not fitted the ground over which you are passing to your map
d.Deliberately confirm that the receiver has understood the information that has been passed to him/her
a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis
