HPI and PE Flashcards
ectropion
a condition where the eyelid is turned outward
typical of advanced age
usually lower lid
entropion
a condition which the eyelid is rolled inward
causes scarring of conjunctiva
caused my msk spams and inflammation
hordeolum
aka sty
rapid onset
acute focal infection usually caused by staphlococcal
glands involved with hordeolum
zeis glands: external meibomian glands (less frequent) internal
chalazion
an obstruction of an meibomian gland drainage duct within the eyelid
usually slow onset and progress
difference between a hordeolum and a chalazion
sty is caused by an acute infective process- usually more painful
chalazion is caused by inflammatory process
hyphema
collection of blood in the anterior chamber
will effect vision
causes of hyphema
blunt trauma
increased inter-ocular pressure
sub-conjunctival hemhorrhage
ruptured vasculature under conjunctiva
- does not affect vision
- non-painful
causes of sub-conjuntival hemorrhage
valsalva maneuver (birth/strain) trauma hypertension medications idiopathic
papilledema
swelling of the optic disc from increased ICP
will appear fuzzy on fundoscopy exam
normal range 7-15 mmHg
indications of papilledema
brain tumor
cns inflammation
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
closed head trauma
pterygium
non-cancerous growth in the conjunctival tissue of the eye
grows to cover the sclera and extends down to the cornea
risk for development of pterygium
exposure to sunny, dusty, sandy or windblown areas
strabismus
aka crossed eyes
inability of the eyes to focus together because of an imbalance in the muscles
-when the eyes are misaligned the brain receives two images
amblyopia
called lazy eye
medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working together properly
diplopia
double vision
this is a result of strabismus
nystagmus
rapid involuntary movements of the eye
peripheral nystagmus
horizontal movements -generally non-pathological
central nystagmus
vertical movements be careful generally mid-brain or cerebellum lesion present
weber test
this is for both conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss
rinne test
this is for conductive hearing loss only
mallampati score
anesthesia application used to predict the ease of intubation class 3-4 usually associated with difficult intubation and a higher incidence of sleep apnea
in conductive hearing loss the sound will be amplified
toward the occluded sided
sensorineural the sounds will go towards
the normal ear
also must have bone conduction
aphthous ulcer
aka canker sore
erythematous macules develop into ulcers that are covered with yellow-grey membrane
also an erythematous halo surrounds ulcer
oropharyngeal candidiasis
thrush
yeast infection of the oral cavity
common in infants, toddlers and immunocompromised patients
risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis
CA Tx, Diabetes, Abx Tx, Smoking, Dentures, recent organ transplants
headache caution
Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period
Sudden onset or terms such as:“Thunderclap “ “The worst HA in my life”
New onset after age 50
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver
Associated with symptoms of fever, muscle aches, rash, neck stiffness, focal neurologic deficits or papilledema
Presence of CA, HIV infection, or pregnancy
Recent head trauma
battle sign
mastoid eccymosis
indicative of posterior cranial fossa fracture
may suggest brain trauma
raccoon eyes
periorbital ecchymosis
signs of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma
or craniotomy that ruptured the meninges
hemotympanum
presents of blood in middle ear
bullous myringitis
acute otitis media which vesicles develop on the tympanic membrane
bugs that cause bullous myringitis
viral or bacterial usually streptococcus pneumoniae or mycoplasmal
signs of bullous myringitis
pain occurs suddenly and persists 24-48 hrs
hearing loss
fever
tinnitus
internal musical ringing, roaring
caused by chronic exposure to noise
vertigo
perception that the patient or the environment is rotating or spinning
cavernous sinus contains
CN’s III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, and VI Abducens
popping zits in the danger triangle can cuase
facial cellulitis
cavernous sinus thrombosis
meningitis
brain abscess
