HPI and PE Flashcards

1
Q

ectropion

A

a condition where the eyelid is turned outward
typical of advanced age
usually lower lid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

entropion

A

a condition which the eyelid is rolled inward
causes scarring of conjunctiva
caused my msk spams and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hordeolum

A

aka sty
rapid onset
acute focal infection usually caused by staphlococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glands involved with hordeolum

A
zeis glands: external
meibomian glands (less frequent) internal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chalazion

A

an obstruction of an meibomian gland drainage duct within the eyelid
usually slow onset and progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

difference between a hordeolum and a chalazion

A

sty is caused by an acute infective process- usually more painful
chalazion is caused by inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hyphema

A

collection of blood in the anterior chamber

will effect vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of hyphema

A

blunt trauma

increased inter-ocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sub-conjunctival hemhorrhage

A

ruptured vasculature under conjunctiva

  • does not affect vision
  • non-painful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of sub-conjuntival hemorrhage

A
valsalva maneuver (birth/strain)
trauma 
hypertension
medications
idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc from increased ICP
will appear fuzzy on fundoscopy exam
normal range 7-15 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

indications of papilledema

A

brain tumor
cns inflammation
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
closed head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pterygium

A

non-cancerous growth in the conjunctival tissue of the eye

grows to cover the sclera and extends down to the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

risk for development of pterygium

A

exposure to sunny, dusty, sandy or windblown areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

strabismus

A

aka crossed eyes
inability of the eyes to focus together because of an imbalance in the muscles
-when the eyes are misaligned the brain receives two images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

amblyopia

A

called lazy eye
medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working together properly

17
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

this is a result of strabismus

18
Q

nystagmus

A

rapid involuntary movements of the eye

19
Q

peripheral nystagmus

A

horizontal movements -generally non-pathological

20
Q

central nystagmus

A

vertical movements be careful generally mid-brain or cerebellum lesion present

21
Q

weber test

A

this is for both conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss

22
Q

rinne test

A

this is for conductive hearing loss only

23
Q

mallampati score

A
anesthesia application
used to predict the ease of intubation
class 3-4 usually associated with difficult intubation and a higher incidence of sleep apnea
24
Q

in conductive hearing loss the sound will be amplified

A

toward the occluded sided

25
sensorineural the sounds will go towards
the normal ear | also must have bone conduction
26
aphthous ulcer
aka canker sore erythematous macules develop into ulcers that are covered with yellow-grey membrane also an erythematous halo surrounds ulcer
27
oropharyngeal candidiasis
thrush yeast infection of the oral cavity common in infants, toddlers and immunocompromised patients
28
risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis
CA Tx, Diabetes, Abx Tx, Smoking, Dentures, recent organ transplants
29
headache caution
Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period Sudden onset or terms such as:“Thunderclap “ “The worst HA in my life” New onset after age 50 Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver Associated with symptoms of fever, muscle aches, rash, neck stiffness, focal neurologic deficits or papilledema Presence of CA, HIV infection, or pregnancy Recent head trauma
30
battle sign
mastoid eccymosis indicative of posterior cranial fossa fracture may suggest brain trauma
31
raccoon eyes
periorbital ecchymosis signs of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma or craniotomy that ruptured the meninges
32
hemotympanum
presents of blood in middle ear
33
bullous myringitis
acute otitis media which vesicles develop on the tympanic membrane
34
bugs that cause bullous myringitis
viral or bacterial usually streptococcus pneumoniae or mycoplasmal
35
signs of bullous myringitis
pain occurs suddenly and persists 24-48 hrs hearing loss fever
36
tinnitus
internal musical ringing, roaring | caused by chronic exposure to noise
37
vertigo
perception that the patient or the environment is rotating or spinning
38
cavernous sinus contains
CN’s III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, and VI Abducens
39
popping zits in the danger triangle can cuase
facial cellulitis cavernous sinus thrombosis meningitis brain abscess