HPI and PE

Question 1

ectropion

Answer 1

a condition where the eyelid is turned outward
typical of advanced age
usually lower lid

Question 2

entropion

Answer 2

a condition which the eyelid is rolled inward
causes scarring of conjunctiva
caused my msk spams and inflammation

Question 3

hordeolum

Answer 3

aka sty
rapid onset
acute focal infection usually caused by staphlococcal

Question 4

glands involved with hordeolum

Answer 4

zeis glands: external
meibomian glands (less frequent) internal

Question 5

chalazion

Answer 5

an obstruction of an meibomian gland drainage duct within the eyelid
usually slow onset and progress

Question 6

difference between a hordeolum and a chalazion

Answer 6

sty is caused by an acute infective process- usually more painful
chalazion is caused by inflammatory process

Question 7

hyphema

Answer 7

collection of blood in the anterior chamber

will effect vision

Question 8

causes of hyphema

Answer 8

blunt trauma

increased inter-ocular pressure

Question 9

sub-conjunctival hemhorrhage

Answer 9

ruptured vasculature under conjunctiva

• does not affect vision
• non-painful

Question 10

causes of sub-conjuntival hemorrhage

Answer 10

valsalva maneuver (birth/strain)
trauma 
hypertension
medications
idiopathic

Question 11

papilledema

Answer 11

swelling of the optic disc from increased ICP
will appear fuzzy on fundoscopy exam
normal range 7-15 mmHg

Question 12

indications of papilledema

Answer 12

brain tumor
cns inflammation
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
closed head trauma

Question 13

pterygium

Answer 13

non-cancerous growth in the conjunctival tissue of the eye

grows to cover the sclera and extends down to the cornea

Question 14

risk for development of pterygium

Answer 14

exposure to sunny, dusty, sandy or windblown areas

Question 15

strabismus

Answer 15

aka crossed eyes
inability of the eyes to focus together because of an imbalance in the muscles
-when the eyes are misaligned the brain receives two images

Question 16

amblyopia

Answer 16

called lazy eye
medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working together properly

Question 17

diplopia

Answer 17

double vision

this is a result of strabismus

Question 18

nystagmus

Answer 18

rapid involuntary movements of the eye

Question 19

peripheral nystagmus

Answer 19

horizontal movements -generally non-pathological

Question 20

central nystagmus

Answer 20

vertical movements be careful generally mid-brain or cerebellum lesion present

Question 21

weber test

Answer 21

this is for both conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss

Question 22

rinne test

Answer 22

this is for conductive hearing loss only

Question 23

mallampati score

Answer 23

anesthesia application
used to predict the ease of intubation
class 3-4 usually associated with difficult intubation and a higher incidence of sleep apnea

Question 24

in conductive hearing loss the sound will be amplified

Answer 24

toward the occluded sided

Question 25

sensorineural the sounds will go towards

Answer 25

the normal ear

also must have bone conduction

Question 26

aphthous ulcer

Answer 26

aka canker sore
erythematous macules develop into ulcers that are covered with yellow-grey membrane
also an erythematous halo surrounds ulcer

Question 27

oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 27

thrush
yeast infection of the oral cavity
common in infants, toddlers and immunocompromised patients

Question 28

risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 28

CA Tx, Diabetes, Abx Tx, Smoking, Dentures, recent organ transplants

Question 29

headache caution

Answer 29

Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period
Sudden onset or terms such as:“Thunderclap “ “The worst HA in my life”
New onset after age 50
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver
Associated with symptoms of fever, muscle aches, rash, neck stiffness, focal neurologic deficits or papilledema
Presence of CA, HIV infection, or pregnancy
Recent head trauma

Question 30

battle sign

Answer 30

mastoid eccymosis
indicative of posterior cranial fossa fracture
may suggest brain trauma

Question 31

raccoon eyes

Answer 31

periorbital ecchymosis
signs of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma
or craniotomy that ruptured the meninges

Question 32

hemotympanum

Answer 32

presents of blood in middle ear

Question 33

bullous myringitis

Answer 33

acute otitis media which vesicles develop on the tympanic membrane

Question 34

bugs that cause bullous myringitis

Answer 34

viral or bacterial usually streptococcus pneumoniae or mycoplasmal

Question 35

signs of bullous myringitis

Answer 35

pain occurs suddenly and persists 24-48 hrs
hearing loss
fever

Question 36

tinnitus

Answer 36

internal musical ringing, roaring

caused by chronic exposure to noise

Question 37

vertigo

Answer 37

perception that the patient or the environment is rotating or spinning

Question 38

cavernous sinus contains

Answer 38

CN’s III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, and VI Abducens

Question 39

popping zits in the danger triangle can cuase

Answer 39

facial cellulitis
cavernous sinus thrombosis
meningitis
brain abscess