HPCT QUIZ 2ND Flashcards
This section may be cut from tissues that have been
fixed and frozen with CO2 or for fresh tissues frozen
with a cryostat.
A. Celloidin section
B. Frozen section
C. Paraffin section
D. Gelatin section
E. NOTA
Frozen section
Sections are not left on the water bath for a long time
due to:
A. To avoid undue expansion of the tissue
B. To avoid distortion of tissue
C. Both
D. NOTA
To avoid undue expansion of the tissue and to avoid distortion of the tissue
BOTH
Select which among the ff is a common component
of an aqueous media together with its correct use
A. Glycerol-prevent cracking
B. Glycerin-prevent drying
C. Gum Arabic- increase Refractive Index
D. Sugar-solidify medium
Glycerol
What is the specific pH used for Citric-Acid-Citrate
Buffer solution?
A. 4.5 - to neutralize and protect specimen from the
acidic component of solution
It is a semi-translucent, ground glass or hyaline
substance made up of chondroitin
A. Fibrin
B. Fibrinoid
C. Hyalin
D. Amyloid
D. Amyloid
Open muscle biopsies are usually received from the
operating room in a surgical clamp for orientation and
divided in three parts. What specific segment is fixed in
glutaraldehyde and is submitted for electron
microscopy?
A. Middle segment
B. Small segment
C. Large segment
D. Remaining segment
E. NOTA
B. Small segment
This type of glial cell represents the major
supporting cells in the brain.
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia - major phagocytic cell
C. Myelin - insulating layer that modifies nerve
conduction
D. Ependymal cell - located in the line of ventricles of
the brain
A. Astrocytes
Clearing is done by:
A. 10 dips in alcohol
B. Gradual run through decreasing concentration of
alcohol
C. 2 changes of xylol, 2 hours each
D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour
D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour
Choose the answer with the correct association
between the difficulties encountered and its cause or the
fault that is made
A. Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut;
freezing is not adequate
B. Frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block
holder when cut; tissue is frozen too much
C. Tissue shrinks away from wax when trimmed;
insufficient infiltration
D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing
D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing
Which of the ff will affect the speed of penetration of
the clearing agent?
A. Temperature
B. Viscosity
C. PH
D. AOTA
B. Viscosity
This clearing agent can cause aplastic anemia
a. Benzene
b. Xylol
c. Toluene
d. Chloroform
a. Benzene
Dirty knife edge can cause this fault
Sections roll up
Sections adhere to knife or other parts of the microtome can be caused by? Except:
Knife edge is dirty
Knife edge is dull
Knife is too high
Knife tilt is too low
Knife tilt is too low
Celloidin section does cut come off in ribbons
False
Do not come off in ribbons dapat
Ultrathin microtome is widely known for cutting sections for electron microtome. What is the specific type of knives used in this type of microtome
Diamond knives
Optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome
45-50C
For proper cutting, specific clearance angle must be used. Which of the ff angle is considered as the most effective
0-15 degrees
Process in histotechnology involves trimming and cutting embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices or sections
Microtomy
Kind of microtome that is ideal to use for unembedded frozen section
Freezing microtome
Microtome for paraffin embedded tissue
Rocking microtome for large and rotary for small
Microtome for celloidin sections
Sliding microtome
There are certain safety measures in handling the microtome to avoid accidents. What safety measure could be done to avoid getting injured when changing blocks?
Use hand wheel lock
What kind of microtome knife is used for cutting
resin blocks for electron microscopy?
Diamond knives
Which of the ff are important measures that are needed to be performed after embedding the tissue blocks and solidifying the paraffin wax, except:
Take out both the thin and thick sections
Remove the wax Block from the mold
Note the identification number
Cut off the excess wax
Take out both the thin and thick sections
Becomes milky when incomplete dehydration
Xylene
What factor should be met when doing the floatation of section
Water should be free from bubbles
Celloidin embedding is another technique besides paraffin embedding. Compared with paraffin embedding, what could be its advantage in tissue processing?
Completely avoids the use of heat
Possible reason why there is an uneven or unequal
thickness of the sections produced
a. Clamp set screw on knife or block holder is loose
b. Blocks are too large
c. Tilt of knife is too great
d. Blocks are too hard
e. AOTA
f. NOTA
Tilt of knife is too great
Part of microtome where tissue is held in position
Block holder
Most dangerous type of microtome due to the movable exposed knife
Standard-sliding microtome
Biconcave and plane-concave knifes are both used for paraffin sections. THe less concave side of plane-concave knife is used for celloidin embedded tissue blocks
Both statement are correct
Plane concave - celloidin
Biconcave - paraffin
-Glass and diamond knives - EM
The static electricity is due to low atmospheric
humidity because of
Sections adhere to the knife
Knife edge is dull
Knife tilt is too great
knife edge is dirty
AOTA
A type of block-out mold that is made up of interlocking plates resting on flat metal base
Compound embedding unit
Two L-Shaped brass arranged on a flat metal - Leuckhart’s
Special stainless steel base mold fitted with plastic - Plastic embedded rings and base mold
Apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy
Cryostat
Double embedding is done by infiltrating tissue with ____ then _____
Celloidin - paraffin
A process in which the edge of the coverslip is sealed
Ringing
Removal of gross nick on the knife edge to remove blemishes and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone
Honing - heel to toe
Types of honing:
Belgium yellow - Manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt
Arkansas - Gives more polishing effect
Fine carborundum - much coarser
Stropping is removing the “burr” - toe to heel
Type of processing where impregnation can be performed involves wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure
Vacuum embedding
Method of staining that is responsible for the staining of living cells by INJECTING the dye into any part of the animal body
Intravital staining
Microtome should be covered when no one is using it to avoid accumulation of dust and dirt all over the machine which may interfere with the normal sectioning of tissue
True
Application of different color stain to provide contrast and background
Metachromic staining
Vegetable dye extracted from certain LICHENS which are normally colorless and is mainly used for staining elastic fibers
Orcein
Serves as a link or bridge between the tissue and the dye
Mordant
The blockholder moves the block holder either towards the knife or away from the knife
Coarse handwheel
Most common staining method utilized for microanatomical studies of tissues
H and E
Process by which an active coloring agent is formed by the oxidation of hematoxylin
Ripening
Substances with define atomic grouping and are capable of producing visible colors
Chromopores
A good regressive stain used in nuclear staining , in exfoliative cytology and for staining of sex chromosomes
Harris hematoxylin
Process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in section by direct interaction with a dye producing coloration of the active tissue component
Histological staining
Medium used for methylene blue-stained nerve preparation and as a general purpose aqueous mountant
Apathy’s medium
Cant be used for the preparation of body cavity effusion except:
10% formalin
70% ethanol
Sodium citrate
Heparin
Heparin
CANT BE USED FOR BODY CAVITY EFFUSION YUNG 10%F, 70% ETHANOL, and SODIUM CITRATE
Exfoliative cytology is recommended for the
Detection of precancerous cervical lesions
Papanicolau method uses the following stains except:
Harris hematoxylin
OG6
Eosin azure 60
AOTA
Eosin azure 60
EA-65 is used
EA50 for gynecological
Papanicolaou method has the following advantages
except:
a. Excellent nuclear staining is identified
b. Transparent pink staining of cytoplasm
allows overlapping cells to be identified
c. Color range is predictable and of great
value in classification of cells
d. Valuable in comparing cellular
appearances in smears with their
counterpart
b. Transparent pink staining of cytoplasm
allows overlapping cells to be identified
It is the junction of endocervical mucosa where the majority of cervical carcinoma arises
T-zone (transformation zone)
Saccomano preservative is made up of:
a. 95% alcohol
b. 50% alcohol
c. Ether
d. Carbowax
i. 1 and 2
ii. 2 and 4
iii. 1, 2 and 3
iv. 1 and 4
2 and 4
50% alcohol and Carbowax
BOAT shaped cells with FOLD ON EDGES
Navicular cells
Used for hormonal evaluation
Lateral vaginal scrape
All of the following are true about parabasal except:
a. Round to oval cells
b. 45-50 um
c. Smaller than intermediate cells
d. Found after menopause
45-50um
Mature superficial cell yan
15-30 parabasal
True acidophilia is a characteristic of superficial vaginal cells under ___ influence
Estrogen
ESPI -Estrogen = Superficial cells
Progesterone = Intermediate cells
Which of the following is/ are true regarding periodic
acid schiff?
a. Produces a red magenta/ purplish pink color
b. Intensity of reaction is directly proportional
to the sugar content
c. Specific for glycol/ glycol amino group
d. Oxidizes 1,2 glycol group of
polysaccharides and mucin
a. Produces a red magenta/ purplish pink color
Complex, water-soluble phtalocyanine dye used for acid mucopolysaccharide
Alcian blue
This method of staining bone is based on the
deposition of thionin precipitate within the lacunae
and bone canaliculi using 0.125% thionin.
Scmorl’s spicro-thionin method
chief solvents used for stains
Ethyl alcohol and Phenol
Which of the following statements is true regarding
sputum smear preparation?
a. Obtain at least 2 consecutive morning
sputum specimen
b. Collect early morning sputum by a deep
cough in a wide-mouthed jar containing
50% ethyl alcohol and 2% carbowax
c. Absence of alveolar macrophages
suggests unsatisfactory specimen
d. Due to the hardening effect of alcohol,
specimen fixed in said solution should be
sent to the laboratory and smears should
be made without delay
b. Collect early morning sputum by a deep
cough in a wide-mouthed jar containing
50% ethyl alcohol and 2% carbowax
c. Absence of alveolar macrophages
suggests unsatisfactory specimen
d. Due to the hardening effect of alcohol,
specimen fixed in said solution should be
sent to the laboratory and smears should
be made without delay
Which of the following statements is false regarding
smear preparation of breast secretion
a. Cytologic examination of nipple discharge
has an extremely low diagnostic yield for
the diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
b. Spontaneous nipple discharge is usually a
result of hormonal imbalance in young
patients, and when the secretion is bloody
a benign intraductal papilloma should be
considered clinically.
c. The nipple discharge is usually due to a
benign breast lesion such as duct ectasia
and papilloma, or due to endocrine
problems.
d. Place the labeled slide upon the nipple and
draw it quickly across the nipple. If more
than a drop is collected, use another slide
to smear with a spreading technique..
e. Secretions obtained from both breasts can
be put in the same slide.
d. Place the labeled slide upon the nipple and
draw it quickly across the nipple. If more
than a drop is collected, use another slide
to smear with a spreading technique..
e. Secretions obtained from both breasts can
be put in the same slide.
Which of the following describes lysochromes
a. Water soluble dyes
b. Do not contain auxochrome
c. Natural dye
d. Strongly stains proteins
e. AOTA
Does not contain auxochrome
It is an aqueous detergent, used for mounting
sections, that is diluted in 1:10 distilled water
a. poly-L-lysine
b. Dried albumin
c. Starch paste
d. APES
a. poly-L-lysine
This is an acidic dye that stains a basic group of
tissues, particularly basic proteins and histones
a. Alkaline fast green
b. Phosphates
c. Gomori calcium method
d. Peraceticalcian blue
Alkaline fast green
All of the following are stains used for collagen
except:
a. Van gieson’s stain
b. Mallory’s stain
c. Feulgen technique
d. Azocarmine method
Feulgen technique
Which of the following statements are considered
unsatisfactory for interpretation,and recommended
for repeat collection of the cervicovaginal samples,
except
a. If there is an Inadequate number of
parabasal cells
b. If there is an adequate number of cells
from the T-zone
c. Specimen submitted is without a
requisition
d. Less than 50% of the cells obscures
contain blood or inflammation cells and squamous
e. Endocervical cells and squamous metaplastic cells are not seen
B and D
Staining method of choice for exfoliative cytology
a. Giemsa stain
b. Papanicolaou stain
c. Romanowsky stain
d. Wright-Giemsa stain
b. Papanicolaou stain
Cajal’s Gold sublimate method is used for
Astrocytes
Which of the following materials are usually seen in the pap’s smear of diabetic patient
YEAST
First sudan dye to be introduced into histochemistry
Sudan III
Which of the following involves the oxidation of
methylene blue, resulting in loss of methyl group
and leaving lower homologues of the dye and de
aminized oxidation products.
a. Accentuating
b. Mordanting
c. Blueing
d. Polychroming
d. Polychroming
Which of the following stain the Cryptococcus
neoformans
a. Southgate mucicarmine techniques
b. Levaditi’s method
c. Lendrum’s method
d. Orcein Method
Southgate mucicarmine techniques
The most Common aqueous mounting media used
are the following EXCEPT:
a. Water
b. Farrant’s Medium
c. Glycerin
d. Canada Balsam
Canada balsam
What aqueous mounting medium has the substance
Sodium Merthiolate in their formula?
a. Brun’s Fluid
b. Farrant’s medium
c. Apathy’s Medium
d. Glycerin
b. Farrant’s medium
Which among the following is the most commonly
used adhesive?
a. Starch Paste
b. Gelatin (1%)
c. Mayer’s Egg Albumin
d. Dried Albumin
c. Mayer’s Egg Albumin
Which of the following is used as a methods of
staining axons and neuronal processes by using a
primary “ sensitizing” solution?
a. Bodian’s stain
b. Bielschowsky’s Techniques
b. Bielschowsky’s Techniques
Iron Hematoxylin
a. Enhances the combination of the dye with the nucleus
b. Colors the nucleus black
c. Used for progressive staining
d. All of the above
e. A and B
e. A and B
Which of the following are true of staining, except?
a. Shows a hypochromic characteristic for neoplastic and malignant cells
b. It is the process that renders the different tissue components more visible through variation in color
c. Promotes easier optical differentiation
d. Accomplished by the use of dyes and stains
a. Shows a hypochromic characteristic for neoplastic and malignant cells
