Hema exam reviewer

Question 1

Lymphocytes disorders

Deficiency of hexosaminidase A

Answer 1

Tay-sachs disease

Question 2

Lymphocytes disorders

Reduced Immunoglobulins production in blood

Answer 2

Bruton Agammaglobulinemia

Question 3

Lymphocytes disorders

Reduced production of Ig due to overactivity of t8 cells

Answer 3

Common variable hypogammaglobulin

Question 4

Lymphocytes disorders

Underdevelopment of thymus

Answer 4

Nezelof’s syndrome

Question 5

Lymphocytes disorders

Deletion of small piece of chromosome 22

Answer 5

Di Geroge’s syndrome

Question 6

Lymphocytes disorders

Loss of Both T and B cells function

Answer 6

Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia

Question 7

Lymphocytes disorders

Failure of T cell response

Only IgA and IgG are present, IgM is absent

Answer 7

Wiscott-aldrich syndrome

Question 8

Lymphocytes disorders

Decreased T cell production
Spider veins

Answer 8

Ataxia Telangiectasia

Question 9

Monocyte macrophage disorder

Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase

Answer 9

Gaucher’s disease

Question 10

Most common lysosomal lipid storage disease

Answer 10

Gaucher’s disease

Question 11

Monocyte macrophage disorder

Deficiency of sphingomyelinase

Answer 11

Niemann-Pick disease

Question 12

Monocyte macrophage disorder

Macrophage with cholesterol overload due to increase in foam cells

Answer 12

Schiller-Christian disease

Question 13

Function disorder

Random movement of phagocytes is NORMAL
Directional motility is IMPAIRED

Answer 13

Job’s syndrome

Question 14

Function disorder

BOTH random and directional motility is impaired

Answer 14

Lazy leukocyte syndrome

Question 15

Function disorder

Intracellular mechanism of granulocyte is defective

Answer 15

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 15

Function disorder

Have half the normal C3 Activity
Homozygous carriers fail to opsonize bacteria

Answer 15

Congenital C3 Deficiency

Question 16

Function disorder

MPO is decreased or absent in PMN and monocytes

Answer 16

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

Question 17

Nucleus disorder

Abnormal DNA synthesis

Answer 17

Hypersegmented neutrophil

Question 18

Nucleus disorder

Decreased segmentation in neutrophil

Pince nez appearance

Defect mutation in Lamin B

Answer 18

Pelger-Huet anomaly

Question 19

Nucleus disorder

Has less dense nuclei with hypo granular cytoplasm

Answer 19

Pseudo Pelger-Huet anomaly

Question 20

Cytoplasm disorder

Accumulation of degraded mucopolysaccharides

Answer 20

Alder-reily anomaly

Question 21

Cytoplasm disorder

Has large peroxidase lysosomes inclusions that are deficient in enzymes for phagocytosis

Answer 21

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Question 22

Cytoplasm disorder

Dohle bodies, Thrombocytopenia, Giant platelets, and leukopenia

Mutation in MYH9 gene

Answer 22

May-Hegglin anomaly

Question 23

Normal cell with a biconcave disk shape with increased surface

Answer 23

Discocyte

Question 24

Cell with central area of hemoglobin surrounded by colorless area and a peripheral ring Caused by excessive cholesterol in the membrane or hemoglobin distribution imbalance

Answer 24

Targe Cells / Mexican Hat / Bull's eye cells/ Codocytes

Question 25

RBC that lacks the central pallor Caused by spectrin deficiency

Answer 25

Spherocyte

Question 26

Abnormal RBC with spines, spicules, or thorny projection Abnormal membrane defect caused by an increase spingomyelin and decrease in cholesterol and phospholipid

Answer 26

Acanthocyte / Spurr Cell / Thorny cell

Question 27

Pocket book roll Cell membrane is folded

Answer 27

Biscuit cell / Folded RBC

Question 28

Cell with irregularly spaced blunt processes, resembles crenated RBC Abonrmal lipid content of the membrane

Answer 28

Burr Cell

Question 29

Cell with eccentric vacuoles due to the plucked-out HEINZ BODIES Defect is G6PD deficiency resulting to accumulation of Heinz bodies

Answer 29

Blister cell / Bite Cell

Question 30

RBC with blunt or pointed, short projections that are usually evenly spaced over the surface of cell Have evenly spaced round projections; central pallor are present Defects: ATP deficiency due to prolong storage of anticoagulated blood Due to abnormal lipid content of the membrane

Answer 30

Echinocyte / Crenated Cell / Sea Urchin Cell

Question 31

Cells appear in the shape of a teardrop or pear Abnormal maturation, squeezing and fragmentation during splenic passage

Answer 31

Tear drop cell / Dacrocyte

Question 32

Sausage - shaped, oval, pencil form, egg shape, cigar - shaped Abnormal membrane due to defective spectrin and deficiency in band protein 4.1

Answer 32

Elliptocyte/Ovalocyte

Question 33

Shape shows thin, elongated, pointed ends and will appear crescent shaped; lack a central pallor S,V,L shaped Crescent shape cell due to abnormal aggregation of Hb S which gives a tendency for the cell to assume the shape

Answer 33

Sickle cell / Drepanocyte / Menisocyte

Question 34

Triangular shape, defragmented form Defects in cell fragmentation due to TRAUMA caused by PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL AGENTS

Answer 34

Schistocyte / Helmet cell

Question 35

Characterized by an elongated or slit-like area of central pallor Caused by osmotic changes due to cation imbalance

Answer 35

Stomatocyte / Hydrocyte / Mouth cells

Question 36

Blue berry bagel appearance Punctuate basophilia due to deficiency in pyrimidine 5' - nucleotidase enzyme Content is precipitated RNA / Remnants of RNA

Answer 36

Basophilic stippling of RBC

Question 37

Basophilic stippling of RBC most common associated disease

Answer 37

LEAD POISONING and PICA

Question 38

Composed of Chromatin material (DNA) Not commonly seen in normal erythrocytes because it is pitted by splenic macrophages

Answer 38

Howell-Jolly bodies

Question 39

Indicative of faulty IRON utilization in the synthesis of hemoglobin Composed of FERRIC IRON

Answer 39

Pappenheimer bodies / Siderotic granules

Question 40

Indicative of disturbed hemoglobin synthesis and breakdown NOT VISIBLE TO WRIGHT STAIN Content is DENATURED HEMOGLOBIN

Answer 40

Heinz Bodies

Question 41

Looped or figure of eight shape or ring with red-purple color arranged in linear pattern Indicative of DEFECTIVE REGENERATIVE ACTIVITY Composed of Remnant of mitotic spindles or microtubules

Answer 41

Cabot Rings

Question 42

Caused by instability of Hb H Content is precipitated of Beta globin chains of hemoglobin

Answer 42

Hemoglobin H inclusion

Question 43

Acute post hemorrhagic anemia Hemolytic anemia Marrow hypoplasia Aplastic anemia Marrow infiltration Kidney and liver disease Endocrine deficiencies Anemia of chronic disease

Answer 43

Normochromic normocytic anemia

Question 44

Disorders of iron metabolism IDA Anemia of chronic disease Congenital hypochromic

Answer 44

Microcytic anemia

Question 45

Cobalamin Deficiency (B12 def) Decreased ingestion Competitive parasite Fish tapeworm infestation Folate deficiency Lack of vegetable Alcoholism

Answer 45

Macrocytic anemia