HPCT possible 1st quiz

Question 1

This method is recommended for smear preparations of bronchial aspirates and fresh sputum

A.Pull apart - serous fluid specimen
B. Smear preparation - blood smear
C. Touch preparation - aka impression technique
D. Spreading

Answer 1

Spreading

Question 2

Which of the ff concentration is ideal and preferred for
glutaraldehyde in immunoelectron microscopy?
A. 0.10%
B. 3% - associated conc
C. 10%
D. 0.25%

Answer 2

0.25%

Question 3

Fixation time can be cut down by using the ff, except:
A. Heat
B. Cold temp
C. Agitation
D. Microwave

Answer 3

Cold Temp

Question 4

The majority of non-fatty unfixed tissues are
sectioned well at temperatures between ___ and ____.

Answer 4

-10C, -25C

Question 5

Best fixative tissue for tissues containing iron
pigments?
A. Zenker’s Fluid - ginagamit more on the content of
mercury fluoride: liver, spleen, connective tissue
and nerve fiber
B. Formol corrosive - aka formol sublimate, belongs to
aldehyde fixative, preferably for post-mortem tissue
C. 10% Buffered Neutral Formal
D. Picric Acid - e

Answer 5

10% NBF

Question 6

What type of metallic fixative is specifically used for
Wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord?
A. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of
mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide
B. Mercuric Chloride fixative - damages integrity of
tissue, preferably umbilical cord
C. Chromate Fixative - for carbohydates
D. Picrate Fixative - for histones and basic proteins

Answer 6

Lead Fixative

Question 7

This section may be cut from tissues that have been
fixed and frozen with CO2 or for fresh tissues frozen
with a cryostat.
A. Celloidin section
B. Frozen section
C. Paraffin section
D. Gelatin section
E. NOTA

Answer 7

Frozen section

Question 8

Sections are not left on the water bath for a long time
due to:
A. To avoid undue expansion of the tissue
B. To avoid distortion of tissue
C. Both
D. NOTA

Answer 8

To avoid undue expansion of the tissue and to avoid distortion of the tissue
BOTH

Question 9

Brittle or hard tissues are caused by:
A. Prolonged fixation
B. Paraffin is too soft
C. Compress section
D. Sections are too thin
E. NOTA

Answer 9

Prolonged Fixation

Question 10

Select which among the ff is a common component
of an aqueous media together with its correct use
A. Glycerol-prevent cracking
B. Glycerin-prevent drying
C. Gum Arabic- increase Refractive Index
D. Sugar-solidify medium

Answer 10

Glycerol

Question 11

Which of the ff defined as the rapid freezing of tissue
A. Quenching
B. Desiccation - removal of ice water molecules
C. Sublimation - transferring of frozen tissue block
using a vacuum
D. NOTA

Answer 11

Quenching

Question 12

Process of removing ice water molecules
A. Quenching
B. Desiccation
C. Sublimation
D. NOTA

Answer 12

Dessication

Question 13

Special processing technique for histochemical
evaluation involving enzyme studies.
A. Freeze-drying
B. Freeze-substitution
C. Both
D. NOTA

Answer 13

NOTA - Special processing technique (?)
AOTA

Question 14

Prolonged decalcification of tissues is liable to ____
and lead to ____?

Answer 14

Prevent hydrolysis; macerate tissues

Question 15

It permits excellent staining, and is also suitable for
most routine surgical specimens but is relatively slow.
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid
C. Perenyi’s Fluid - 2-7 days but not excellent in
staining
D. Formic Acid - takes 2-7 days to decalcify
E. AOTA

Answer 15

Formic Acid

Question 16

What is the specific pH used for Citric-Acid-Citrate
Buffer solution?

Answer 16

A. 4.5 - to neutralize and protect specimen from the
acidic component of solution

Question 17

The following are disadvantages of Diethylene
Dioxide, except:
A. Expensive
B. Tend to ribbon poorly
C. Not miscible in xylol
D. Causes toxic action
E. NOTA

Answer 17

C. Not miscible in xylol - miscible dapat

Question 18

Connective tissues are subdivided into four
categories. One of these is cartilage. Which of the ff best
describe hyaline cartilage?
A. Found in external ear and epiglottis - external
B. Contains fibroblasts and chondrocytes -
fribrocartilage
C. Most common cartilage - hyaline: larynx, brocnhioles,
and nodules
D. Derived from areolar tissues - adipose tissues
E. AOTA

Answer 18

C. Most common cartilage - hyaline: larynx, bronchioles,
and nodules

Question 19

It is a semi-translucent, ground glass or hyaline
substance made up of chondroitin
A. Fibrin
B. Fibrinoid
C. Hyalin
D. Amyloid

Answer 19

D. Amyloid

Question 20

Open muscle biopsies are usually received from the
operating room in a surgical clamp for orientation and
divided in three parts. What specific segment is fixed in
glutaraldehyde and is submitted for electron
microscopy?
A. Middle segment
B. Small segment
C. Large segment
D. Remaining segment
E. NOTA

Answer 20

B. Small segment

Question 21

This type of glial cell represents the major
supporting cells in the brain.
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia - major phagocytic cell
C. Myelin - insulating layer that modifies nerve
conduction
D. Ependymal cell - located in the line of ventricles of
the brain

Answer 21

A. Astrocytes

Question 22

Clearing is done by:
A. 10 dips in alcohol
B. Gradual run through decreasing concentration of
alcohol
C. 2 changes of xylol, 2 hours each
D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

Answer 22

D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

Question 23

What is the appropriate requirement for the
transportation of specimens intended for frozen
sections?
A. Frozen within 4 hrs
B. Transported on formalin-dampened gauze
C. Transported on top of warm water
D. Transported on saline-dampened gauze
E. NOTA

Answer 23

D. Transported on saline-dampened gauze

Question 24

Freeze-drying may be used for special studies,
except:
A. Use of specialized silver stains
B. Scanning electron microscopy
C. Immunocytochemistry
D. Microspectrofluorimetry
E. NOTA

Answer 24

A. Use of specialized silver stains

Question 25

It is a special processing technique that can be used
when chemical fixation is to be avoided. It is a process
of dehydration through subjecting the frozen tissue to
Rossman’s formula or in 1% acetone.
A. Freeze-drying
B. Freeze-substitution
C. Cryostat
D. Formalin Fixation
E. AOTA

Answer 25

Freeze-substitution

Question 26

The ff are procedures done in teasing or
dissociation, except:
A. Forcibly compressing slide to another slide
B. Immersing the specimen in isotonic solution
C. Separating by direct or zigzag spread using
applicator stick
D. Transferred into a slide and mounted as a wet
preparation

Answer 26

A. Forcibly compressing slide to another slide - Crushing (Squash preparation

Question 27

The ff statements describe the process of fixation,
except:
A. Removal of calcium ions
B. Prevent autolysis and putrefaction
C. Preserve morphologic integrity of cell
D. Harden the tissue

Answer 27

A. Removal of calcium ions - Dehydration

Question 28

Metallic fixatives are one of the four major groups of
fixative and it includes the ff:
A. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde - aldehyde
B. Mercuric chloride, picric acid
C. Osmium tetroxide, potassium permanganate -
oxidizing fixative
D. Methanol, ethanol - alcohol-based fixative

Answer 28

B. Mercuric chloride, picric acid

Question 29

Select which among the ff association between
difficulties by improper fixation and its cause is correct:
A. Tissue blocks are brittle; prolonged fixation
B. Removal of substances soluble in fixing agents;
incomplete washing of fixative
C. Presence of artefact pigments on tissue sections;
wrong choice of fixative
D. Shrinkage and swelling of cells; incomplete fixation

Answer 29

A. Tissue blocks are brittle; prolonged fixation

Question 30

It is an example of decalcifying agent that decalcifies
and soften tissues at the same time.
A. Phloroglucin-nitric acid - decalcifying soln
B. Molliflex - softener only
C. Perenyi’s fluid
D. Neutral EDTA

Answer 30

C. Perenyi’s fluid

Question 31

Choose the answer with the correct association
between the difficulties encountered and its cause or the
fault that is made
A. Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut;
freezing is not adequate
B. Frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block
holder when cut; tissue is frozen too much
C. Tissue shrinks away from wax when trimmed;
insufficient infiltration
D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing

Answer 31

D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing

Question 32

During the handling and fixation of specimens, there
are general precautions that are needed to be followed.
One of the precautions is to avoid slow freezing because
this may cause:
A. Formation of ice crystal artefacts
B. Damage to cellular organelles
C. Release enzymes
D. Diffuse soluble components of the cell

Answer 32

A. Formation of ice crystal artefacts

Question 33

Which of the ff will affect the speed of penetration of
the clearing agent?
A. Temperature
B. Viscosity
C. PH
D. AOTA

Answer 33

B. Viscosity

Question 34

Which of the following is paired correctly?
a. Presence of artifact pigments on tissue
sections - incomplete fixation (Incomplete washing of fixative dapat)
b. Tissue blocks are brittle and hard -
incomplete fixation (Prolonged fixation)
c. Tissue are soft and feather like in
consistency - incomplete fixation
d. Shrinkage and swelling of cells and tissue
structure - incomplete fixation (Overfixation)

Answer 34

c. Tissue are soft and feather like in
consistency - incomplete fixation

Question 35

What type of metallic fixative is specifically used in
wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord?
a. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of
mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide
b. Mercuric Chloride fixative - damages integrity of tissue, preferably umbilical cord
c. Chromate Fixative - for carbohydates
d. Picrate Fixative - for histones and basic
proteins

Answer 35

a. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of
mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide

Question 36

The clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue
is placed in. What is the reason behind it?
a. Prolonged fixation
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Clearing agent is not completely removed
d. AOTA
e. NOTA

Answer 36

NOTA - Incomplete dehydration dapat

Question 37

Prolonged decalcification of tissues is liable to ___
and lead to ____
a. Good staining: Complete dehydration
b. Maceration of tissues: prevent hydrolysis
c. Prevent hydrolysis: macerate tissues
d. Complete dehydration: good staining

Answer 37

c. Prevent hydrolysis: macerate tissues

Question 38

What is the decalcifying agent that also acts as a
tissue softener?
a. Aqueous phenol solution
b. Perenyi’s fluid
c. Phloroglucin nitric acid
d. Moliflex

Answer 38

b. Perenyi’s fluid

Question 39

The most simple, reliable, and convenient way of
measuring the extent of decalcification
a. Chemical test
b. Radiological
c. Mechanical test
d. Physical test

Answer 39

A. Chemical test

Question 40

The very slow decalcifying agents
a. Ion exchange resins
b. Chelating agents
c. Acids
d. Electrical ionization

Answer 40

b. Chelating agents

Question 41

This is a type of decalcifying agent that may be
used as a simple solution with a recommended
concentration of 5 - 10%?
a. Trichloroacetic acid
b. Chromic acid
c. Nitric acid
d. Formic acid

Answer 41

d. Formic acid

Question 42

Fixation time can be cut down by using the following
except:
a. Heat
b. Cold temperature
c. Microwave
d. Agitation

Answer 42

b. Cold temperature

Question 43

This clearing agent can cause aplastic anemia
a. Benzene
b. Xylol
c. Toluene
d. Chloroform

Answer 43

a. Benzene

Question 44

It is a method whereby cut tissues, preferably fresh
are cut into pieces and brought into contact and
pressed to the surface of a clean slide
a. Spreading
b. Pull apart
c. Touch preparation
d. Smear preparation

Answer 44

c. Touch preparation

Question 45

The tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, what
causes this?
a. Incomplete embedding
b. Incomplete dehydration
c. Incomplete fixation
d. Incomplete clearing

Answer 45

c. Incomplete fixation

Question 46

Which of the following should not be done in the
cryostat procedure?
a. Slow freezing
b. Temperatures near -20C
c. Freezing quickly
d. Using fresh tissues for freezing

Answer 46

a. Slow freezing - Can produce Ice artifacts

Question 47

What causes the presence of artifact pigments on
tissue sections during fixation?
a. Wrong choice of fixative
b. Prolonged fixation
c. Incomplete washing of fixative
d. Incomplete fixation

Answer 47

c. Incomplete washing of fixative

Question 48

The commonly used concentration for
formaldehyde.
a. 0.10%
b. 0.25%
c. 3%
d. 10%

Answer 48

d. 10%

Question 49

Fixatives that may react with histones and basic
proteins -
a. Mercuric chloride fixative
b. Neutral buffer
c. Glutaraldehyde
d. Chromate fixative
e. NOTA

Answer 49

NONE OF THE ABOVE - PICRATES

Question 50

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
good fixative
a. Permits rapid and even penetration of
tissues
b. Inhibits bacterial decomposition and
autolysis
c. Capable of removing calcium salts from
the tissue without considerable destruction
d. It must produce minimum shrinkage of
tissue

Answer 50

c. Capable of removing calcium salts from
the tissue without considerable destruction
Pang dehydration ‘yan lods!

Question 51

Which of the following is not a characteristics of
smooth muscle tissue
a. Arranged closely to form sheets
b. Spindle- shaped cells with central nuclei
c. Presence of intercalated discs
d. No striations

Answer 51

c. Presence of intercalated discs - Pang Skeletal muscle (Cardiac)

Question 52

The universal molecular fixative, known as UMFIX,
is a mixture of ___ and ___, and is an excellent and
cost-effective alternative to formalin.
a. Methanol: polyethylene glycol
b. Glutaraldehyde: aceton
c. Ethanol: glycerol
d. Picric acid: carbowax

Answer 52

a. Methanol: polyethylene glycol

Question 53

It is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy?
a. Ultrathin microtome
b. Cryostat
c. Microtome
d. Electron microtomy

Answer 53

b. Cryostat

Question 54

What is the type/ form of fixation whereby a primary
fixed tissue is placed in an aqueous solution of 2.5
3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours?
a. Heat fixation
b. Post chromatization
c. Secondary fixation
d. Primary fixation

Answer 54

b. Post chromatization

Question 55

Which method of fresh tissue examination is used
for cancer diagnosis?
a. Crushing
b. Smear preparation
c. Frozen section
d. Ceasing

Answer 55

B. Smear preparation

Question 56

It is a special way of preserving tissues by
quenching and sublimation
a. Cryostat procedure
b. Freeze- substitution
c. Cold knife procedure
d. Freeze- drying

Answer 56

d. Freeze- drying

Question 57

All of the following has more than one function in
tissue processing, except:
a. Cetrahydrofuran
b. Acetone
c. Dioxane
d. Triethyl phosphate

Answer 57

D. Triethyl phosphate

Question 58

Which type of tissue can transmit electrical signals
from sensory receptors to effectors
a. Skeletal muscle tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Cardiac muscle tissue
d. Epithelial tissue
e. NOTA

Answer 58

Nervous tissue - NOTA

Question 59

50-70% alcohol is used to wash which type of
fixative?
a. Picric acid
b. Formalin
c. Osmic acid
d. Mercury chloride

Answer 59

Picric acid and Bouins

Question 60

A type of fresh tissue examination that allows cells
to be transferred directly to a slide for examination
of phase contrast microscopy without destroying the
intracellular relationship
a. Pull apart
b. Streaking
c. Squash preparation
d. Impression smear

Answer 60

d. Impression smear

Question 61

This section is normally utilized when a rapid
diagnosis of the tissue is required
a. Plastic section
b. Frozen section
c. Paraffin section
d. Celloidin section
e. Stat section

Answer 61

Frozen Section! Alam na alam mo ‘yan buddybear!

Question 62

Best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments
a. 10% BNF
b. Formol corrosive
c. Zenker’s fluid
d. Picric acid

Answer 62

10% NBF

Question 63

Uses an “en bloc” technique
a. Virchow
b. Letulle
c. Gohn
d. Rokitansky

Answer 63

Gohn

Virchow - one by one
Lettulle - en mass
Rokitansky - in situ

Question 64

Term used for the change in body temperature after
death until it reaches the ambient temperature
a. Post mortem
b. Livor mortis
c. Putrefaction
d. Algor mortis

Answer 64

d. Algor mortis

Question 65

Which of the following is the primary preliminaries
for post mortem examination?
a. Written consent from the next of kin-abide
by the extent of restrictions allowed
b. Death certificate (blue form)
c. Medical abstract/ clinical data
d. Medicolegal clearance
i. 1 and 4
ii. 1 amd 2
iii. 1, 2 and 3
iv. AOTA

Answer 65

iv. AOTA

Question 66

Which of the following is correct about the post
mortem examination?
a. After death examination of the body and
dissection of its internal organs to confirm
or determine the cause of death
b. Autopsy can uncover the existence of
diseases not detected during life
c. Determine the extent of injuries may have
contributed to a person’s death
d. Autopsy can cover the existence of
disease that are detected during life
e. Determine the extent of injuries that may
not have contributed to a person’s death
i. 1 and 5
ii. 3 and 4
iii. 1, 2 and 3
iv. 1 and 4

Answer 66

1 and 4!

Question 67

Other term for “livor mortis” which is the settling of
the blood lower portion of the body
a. Bruising
b. Condensation
c. Suggillation
d. AOTA

Answer 67

c. Suggillation