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History of philosophy > hp test 2 > Flashcards

hp test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Has there ever been a real skeptic according to Pascal? Why or why not?

A

no because in each heart is implanted the truth that cannot not be proven by reason but that doesn’t make it any less real pg. 467

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2
Q
  1. Define mode according to spioza
A

the affections of substance that is that which is in something else and is conceived through something
else

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3
Q

Blase Pascal occupation

A

physisit, mathmatician

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4
Q

Pascals major work

A

pensees

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5
Q

Three parts of the human being

A

Body (senses)
mind (reason
heart (emotion, aesthetics, intuition, etc)

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6
Q

Explain the wager

A
  • Pascal isn’t trying to prove the existence of God; if you believe in God and die and there isn’t a God, what is the risk? If an unbeliever lives as if there isn’t a God and dies and there is, you lost more than you’ve gained;
  • You’re wagering your eternal destiny if you live like there is no God but when you die, there is a God.
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7
Q

Explain “deus absconditus.” What is it?

A
  1. -Deus absconditus means “hidden God”
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8
Q

epistemic distance

A

In Order to Preserve Free Moral Agency,

  1. God Must Neither Overwhelm His Creatures With His Presence,
  2. Nor Make It Too Difficult For Them to Find Him

*requires Dues Absconditus

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9
Q

Baruch Spinoza

A

the god intoxicated philosopher

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10
Q

Spinoza occupation

A

lens grinder

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11
Q

was spinoza a rationalist or empiricist

A

rationalist

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12
Q

Spinoza’s view of God

A

the one substance, an infinite number of infinite attributes ; we know only thought and extension; pantheist

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13
Q

Spinoza’s view of the critical problem/ mind/body

problem

A

only one substance (God)

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14
Q

The heart has its reasons which

A

“Reason does not know”

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15
Q

Has there ever been a real skeptic? Why or why not?

A

-No, nature sustains our feeble reason and prevents it raving to this extent.

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16
Q

what does the statement The heart has its reasons which “Reason does not know” mean

A
  • This means your heart and your mind are two different domains. One doesn’t get what the other is doing. *
  • You don’t understand God with your mind but your heart.
  • “Reason” means motives/motivation/functions.
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17
Q

John Locke was educated as what?

A

physician

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18
Q

Lock was the father of what?

A

British Empiricism

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19
Q

Lock’s Blank Slate (Tabula Rasa)

A

No innate ideas

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20
Q

Lock’s two foundations of of knowledge

A
  1. sensation

2. reflection

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21
Q

lock’s 2 sensible qualities of objects

A
  1. Primary,

2. secondary

22
Q

lock’s official position

A

We know ideas immediately/directly, not objects

23
Q

Lock believed knowledge =

A

perception of the relations of ideas

24
Q

What are the two fountains of knowledge?

A

sensation and reflection

25
Q

What are the two kinds of ideas?

A
  1. simple and

2. complex

26
Q

Locke’s simple ideas

A

like an atom, indivisible, one part

27
Q

Locke’s complex ideas

A

many parts, like a molecule

28
Q

What are the two qualities of bodies?

A
  1. primary

2. secondary

29
Q

Lockes primary qualities of bodies definition.

A

qualities or characteristics in an object that it has whether someone perceives it or not (bulk, figure, number)

30
Q

Lockes secondary qualities of bodies definition.

A

characteristics that an object has that have the powers to perceive them in a certain way (colors, smells, tastes)

31
Q

What is the key element of personal identity?

A

The sameness/consistency of memory

32
Q

Leibniz What is the principle objective of God?

A

the happiness of minds

33
Q

. Leibniz Does the number of substances increase or decrease?

A

neither - there is an infinite number of substances

34
Q

Leibniz What does each substance mirror?

A

God and the whole universe

35
Q

Leibniz Where do substances come from?

A

God - they emanate from him

36
Q

Berkeley Re cognition = (was berkeley a rationalist or empiricist?)

A

empericists

37
Q

Berkeley Re Ontology (Berkley’s views on matter)=

A

idealist. matter does not exist. it is a fiction that we thought we needed under former explanation of things.

38
Q

Berkeley believed all things

A

are ideas

39
Q

Berkeley believed ideas exist in ?

A

minds

40
Q

-Leibniz Coined the phrase

A

“best of all possible worlds” *

41
Q

What is Plato’s doctrine of reminiscence?

A

The idea that we don’t learn new things; souls have virtual knowledge of everything that just need to be brought to the surface.

42
Q

What is a monad?

A

a simple substance that makes up everything

43
Q

What is Leibniz’s solution to the critical problem?

A

pre-established harmony

44
Q

because Berkeley believed all things are ideas

and ideas exist in minds he believed that.

A

all things exist in minds

45
Q

Berkeley Quote

A

“to be is to be perceived”

46
Q

two people in Berkeley’s dialogues

A
  1. Hylas,

2. Philonous

47
Q

Hylas represents who?

A

Locke

48
Q

Solipsists

A

extreme idealism - only one person exists, everyone else exists in their mind

49
Q

Philonous represents who?

A

Berkeley

50
Q

what is Berkeley’s view on matter?

A

matter does not exist. it is a fiction that we thought we needed under a former explanation of things.

51
Q

sensation fountains of knowledge definition

A

our sense experience

52
Q

reflection fountains of knowledge definition

A

the operation of our own minds

History of philosophy (4 decks)

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