hp test 2

Question 1

Has there ever been a real skeptic according to Pascal? Why or why not?

Answer 1

no because in each heart is implanted the truth that cannot not be proven by reason but that doesn’t make it any less real pg. 467

Question 2

1. Define mode according to spioza

Answer 2

the affections of substance that is that which is in something else and is conceived through something
else

Question 3

Blase Pascal occupation

Answer 3

physisit, mathmatician

Question 4

Pascals major work

Answer 4

pensees

Question 5

Three parts of the human being

Answer 5

Body (senses)
mind (reason
heart (emotion, aesthetics, intuition, etc)

Question 6

Explain the wager

Answer 6

• Pascal isn’t trying to prove the existence of God; if you believe in God and die and there isn’t a God, what is the risk? If an unbeliever lives as if there isn’t a God and dies and there is, you lost more than you’ve gained;
• You’re wagering your eternal destiny if you live like there is no God but when you die, there is a God.

Question 7

Explain “deus absconditus.” What is it?

Answer 7

1. -Deus absconditus means “hidden God”

Question 8

epistemic distance

Answer 8

In Order to Preserve Free Moral Agency,

1. God Must Neither Overwhelm His Creatures With His Presence,
2. Nor Make It Too Difficult For Them to Find Him

*requires Dues Absconditus

Question 9

Baruch Spinoza

Answer 9

the god intoxicated philosopher

Question 10

Spinoza occupation

Answer 10

lens grinder

Question 11

was spinoza a rationalist or empiricist

Answer 11

rationalist

Question 12

Spinoza’s view of God

Answer 12

the one substance, an infinite number of infinite attributes ; we know only thought and extension; pantheist

Question 13

Spinoza’s view of the critical problem/ mind/body

problem

Answer 13

only one substance (God)

Question 14

The heart has its reasons which

Answer 14

“Reason does not know”

Question 15

Has there ever been a real skeptic? Why or why not?

Answer 15

-No, nature sustains our feeble reason and prevents it raving to this extent.

Question 16

what does the statement The heart has its reasons which “Reason does not know” mean

Answer 16

• This means your heart and your mind are two different domains. One doesn’t get what the other is doing. *
• You don’t understand God with your mind but your heart.
• “Reason” means motives/motivation/functions.

Question 17

John Locke was educated as what?

Answer 17

physician

Question 18

Lock was the father of what?

Answer 18

British Empiricism

Question 19

Lock’s Blank Slate (Tabula Rasa)

Answer 19

No innate ideas

Question 20

Lock’s two foundations of of knowledge

Answer 20

1. sensation

2. reflection

Question 21

lock’s 2 sensible qualities of objects

Answer 21

1. Primary,

2. secondary

Question 22

lock’s official position

Answer 22

We know ideas immediately/directly, not objects

Question 23

Lock believed knowledge =

Answer 23

perception of the relations of ideas

Question 24

What are the two fountains of knowledge?

Answer 24

sensation and reflection

Question 25

What are the two kinds of ideas?

Answer 25

1. simple and | 2. complex

Question 26

Locke's simple ideas

Answer 26

like an atom, indivisible, one part

Question 27

Locke's complex ideas

Answer 27

many parts, like a molecule

Question 28

What are the two qualities of bodies?

Answer 28

1. primary | 2. secondary

Question 29

Lockes primary qualities of bodies definition.

Answer 29

qualities or characteristics in an object that it has whether someone perceives it or not (bulk, figure, number)

Question 30

Lockes secondary qualities of bodies definition.

Answer 30

characteristics that an object has that have the powers to perceive them in a certain way (colors, smells, tastes)

Question 31

What is the key element of personal identity?

Answer 31

The sameness/consistency of memory

Question 32

Leibniz What is the principle objective of God?

Answer 32

the happiness of minds

Question 33

. Leibniz Does the number of substances increase or decrease?

Answer 33

neither - there is an infinite number of substances

Question 34

Leibniz What does each substance mirror?

Answer 34

God and the whole universe

Question 35

Leibniz Where do substances come from?

Answer 35

God - they emanate from him

Question 36

Berkeley Re cognition = (was berkeley a rationalist or empiricist?)

Answer 36

empericists

Question 37

Berkeley Re Ontology (Berkley's views on matter)=

Answer 37

idealist. matter does not exist. it is a fiction that we thought we needed under former explanation of things.

Question 38

Berkeley believed all things

Answer 38

are ideas

Question 39

Berkeley believed ideas exist in ?

Answer 39

minds

Question 40

-Leibniz Coined the phrase

Answer 40

“best of all possible worlds” *

Question 41

What is Plato’s doctrine of reminiscence?

Answer 41

The idea that we don’t learn new things; souls have virtual knowledge of everything that just need to be brought to the surface.

Question 42

What is a monad?

Answer 42

a simple substance that makes up everything

Question 43

What is Leibniz's solution to the critical problem?

Answer 43

pre-established harmony

Question 44

because Berkeley believed all things are ideas | and ideas exist in minds he believed that.

Answer 44

all things exist in minds

Question 45

Berkeley Quote

Answer 45

“to be is to be perceived”

Question 46

two people in Berkeley's dialogues

Answer 46

1. Hylas, | 2. Philonous

Question 47

Hylas represents who?

Answer 47

Locke

Question 48

Solipsists

Answer 48

extreme idealism - only one person exists, everyone else exists in their mind

Question 49

Philonous represents who?

Answer 49

Berkeley

Question 50

what is Berkeley's view on matter?

Answer 50

matter does not exist. it is a fiction that we thought we needed under a former explanation of things.

Question 51

sensation fountains of knowledge definition

Answer 51

our sense experience

Question 52

reflection fountains of knowledge definition

Answer 52

the operation of our own minds