HOP test 3

Question 1

Define “sensible things” as they both agree.

Answer 1

both Locke and berkley agree that the mind can have ideas, but Locke says things are made of matter while Berkeley says everything can only be made of ideas
Locke says we know things by matter (mediately)
Berkeley says we know things without matter (immediately)
those only which are immediately perceived by sense

Question 2

Is sugar sweet?

Answer 2

Locke says it has the potential to act on our taste buds in a certain way
Berkeley says sugar is an idea that has the capability to be sweet

Question 3

Do you hear the coach?

Answer 3

no, you hear the sound of the coach - that sound implies that the coach exists

Question 4

What is Berkley’s argument for the existence of God?

Answer 4

God must exist to perceive everything to keep it in existence

Question 5

David Hume’s key work

Answer 5

Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Question 6

Hume’s Fork

Answer 6

All perceptions of the Mind are either impressions or ideas

Question 7

What is all reasoning according to Hume?

Answer 7

All reasoning is either relations of ideas or matters of fact.

Question 8

Hume’s two kinds of objects of reason

Answer 8

1. Relations of Ideas

2. Matters of Fact

Question 9

Relations of Ideas (object of reason)

Answer 9

not physical things

Question 10

Matters of Fact (object of reason)

Answer 10

actual physical things

Question 11

Why does Hume have a problem with cause and effect?

Answer 11

You cannot prove cause and effect simply by pure reason (a priori). You must experience or observe it first.

Question 12

Hume’s two classes of perceptions of the mind

Answer 12

1. Impressions

2. Ideas

Question 13

According to Hume perceptions of the mind are distinguished by what?

Answer 13

Things are distinguished by forcefulness and liveliness

Question 14

impressions (perceptions of the mind class )

Answer 14

something in which you sense - actual contact (more forceful and lively)

Question 15

Ideas ( perceptions of the mind class)

Answer 15

when we reflect on the sensations or movements - we reflect on the impressions (the memories or ideas are less forceful and lively)

Question 16

How does Hume define miracle?

Answer 16

A violation of the laws of nature

Question 17

What are Humes four principles against his belief in miracles?

Answer 17

1. there are no credible witnesses
2. we have a fascination for the unusual
3. they abound among the ignorant
4. they cancel each other out

Question 18

Immanuel Kant is associated with?

Answer 18

Copernican revolution in epistemology

Question 19

Immanuel Kant believed that we cant know what?

Answer 19

We cant know “the thing in itself”

- noumenal and phenomenal realms
- catagorical imperative

Question 20

Who interrupted Kant’s dogmatic slumber?

Answer 20

David Hume.

Question 21

What did Kant mean When He said Hume interrupted his dogmatic slumber ?

Answer 21

He gave him a new direction in speculative philosophy.

Question 22

How did Kant claim to solve Hume’s problem?

Answer 22

He thinks that no one had ever thought of this before.
Hume thought we learned cause and effect by experience, Kant says what really makes cause and effect happen is there is something inside us that makes it happen

Question 23

catagorical imperative

Answer 23

Do A! Moral imperative. Some things just must be done. The type of thing that everyone should do.

Question 24

Hypothetical Imperative

Answer 24

If… Then… If A, then B

Question 25

Bentham believed there were two masters

Answer 25

2 masters: Pain, Pleasure

Question 26

Bentham created What

Answer 26

Hedonic Calculus

Question 27

What was Bentham accused of?

Answer 27

“Pig Philosophy”

Question 28

What did Bentham call the principle of utility?

Answer 28

The Greatest Happiness Principle

Question 29

What do utility and happiness mean?

Answer 29

happiness and utility - the greater balance of pleasure over pain

Question 30

Is Mill more in favor of quantity or quality of pleasure?

Answer 30

quality of pleasure

Question 31

Bentham believed there were two masters

Answer 31

2 masters:

1. Pain,
2. Pleasure

Question 32

Why do hostile influences and starvation (mere want of sustenance) kill capacity for nobler feelings according to Mill?

Answer 32

because inferior pleasures are the only ones that you have access to or they are the only ones that you are capable of enjoying

Question 33

Bentham believed what?

Answer 33

egoistic hedonism (the ethical theory that achieving one’s own happiness is the proper goal of all conduct)

Question 34

Bentham believed what?

Answer 34

egoistic hedonism

Question 35

Locke says we know things by matter

Answer 35

(mediately)

Question 36

Berkeley says we know things without matter

Answer 36

(immediately)

Question 37

both Locke and berkley agree

Answer 37

that the mind can have ideas

Question 38

Locke says things are made of what?

Answer 38

matter

Question 39

Berkeley says everything can only be made of what?

Answer 39

ideas

Question 40

Is sugar sweet according to Locke ?

Answer 40

Locke says it has the potential to act on our taste buds in a certain way

Question 41

Is sugar sweet according to Berkeley?

Answer 41

Berkeley says sugar is an idea that has the capability to be sweet