HOP test 4

Question 1

Claimed to want no greater epitaph on his tombstone than “the individual”

Answer 1

Soren Kierkegaard

Question 2

widely considered to be the “father of existentialism”

Answer 2

Soren Kierkegaard

Question 3

Much of Kierkagards writings were against whom?

Answer 3

Hegel

Question 4

1

Answer 4

leap of faith

Question 5

Søren Kierkegaard Stages of Self Discovery

Answer 5

1. Aesthetic Stage
2. Ethical Stage
3. Religious Stage

Question 6

Aesthetic stage

Answer 6

Unfettered employment

Question 7

Ethical Stage

Answer 7

Remorse and repentance

Question 8

Religious Stage

Answer 8

responsibility towards God

Question 9

Much of Kierkegaards writings were against whom?

Answer 9

Hegel

Question 10

Stages of Self Discovery

Answer 10

1. Aesthetic Stage
2. Ethical Stage
3. Religious Stage

Question 11

Who was Karl Marx’s friend

Answer 11

Friedrich Engels

Question 12

Karl Marx is associated with what?

Answer 12

Economics and politics

Question 13

Nietzsche morals

Answer 13

perspectivism, overman

Question 14

Nietzsche and nihilism

Answer 14

rejection of morals and ultimate meaning, “God is dead.”

Question 15

What is key according to Nietzsche?

Answer 15

The “will to power”

Question 16

Wittgenstein established two philosophies in his time what were they?

Answer 16

1. Picture theory

2. tool theory

Question 17

Wittgenstein’s Picture theory definition

Answer 17

logic and language picture reality, mirror the world, meaning depends on the relationship a proposition has to reality; his earlier view.

Question 18

Wittgenstein’s Tool theory definition

Answer 18

aka game theory meaning is determined by how we use words in normal speech, his later view.

Question 19

Wittgenstein’s Analytical philosophy

Answer 19

(perhaps logical atomism in particular)

Question 20

Wittgenstein sent what to who from prison camp?

Answer 20

he sent Tractatus to Russell from prison camp later presented it as PHD thesis.

Question 21

Wittgenstein’s Vienna Circle and logical positivism

Answer 21

they loved the Tractatus, “verification principle”

Question 22

According to Marx, factory workers like children are alienated from what? (four things)

Answer 22

1) the products they produce
2) their own work activities
3) themselves
4) each other

Question 23

How does Marx feel about private property?

Answer 23

he doesn’t like it because it alienates people by dividing social classes

Question 24

What is the origin of gods according to Marx?

Answer 24

an aberration of human minds - meaning that its not rationality that leads you to the idea of god

Question 25

Explain the meaning of bourgeois and proletariat.

Answer 25

the bourgeoisie are the power holders and the proletariat are the laborers

Question 26

What do the proletarians have to lose according to Marx?

Answer 26

their chains

Question 27

Who says, “God is dead” and what does that mean?

Answer 27

Nietzsche or ‘the madman’; we no longer need the concept of God as an explanatory device

Question 28

What is “over man”?

Answer 28

someone who has advanced to a higher stage of development by freeing themselves from societies norms

Question 29

What are some of the names that Nietzsche calls Socrates?

Answer 29

plebs, ugly, criminal, monster, buffoon

Question 30

How highly did Nietzsche value Christianity?

Answer 30

He thinks it is the highest of conceivable corruptions

Question 31

Bertrand Russell Symbolic Logic

Answer 31

Frege

in Principia Mathematica he worked out many math formulas never done before

Question 32

What is “one of the distinctions that cause most trouble in philosophy”?

Answer 32

the distinction between “appearance” and “reality”, between what things seem to be and what they are.

Question 33

What three aspects of the table does he discuss?

Answer 33

color, texture, shape

Question 34

sense data

Answer 34

the stuff that our senses experience

Question 35

sensation

Answer 35

the act of experiencing or being aware of sense-data

Question 36

Which “value of philosophy” do you like the most and why?

Answer 36

it allows us to doubt the definite, finite, seemingly obvious thoughts and beliefs that are instilled in us by our age or nation. And it allows us to “enlarge our thoughts and free them from the tyranny of custom.”

Question 37

According to Russell, what is philosophy’s chief value?

Answer 37

it allows us to ask questions for the sake of asking questions, and gives us the freedom from narrow and personal aims from this contemplation

Question 38

What are the two different ways that he developed to understand language? (intro)

Answer 38

picture theory and game theory

Question 39

What is the whole sense of the book (Tractatus)?

Answer 39

“what can be said at all can be said clearly, and what we cannot talk about we must consign to silence.”

Question 40

Logical pictures can depict the what according to Wittgenstein

Answer 40

world

Question 41

The limits of my language may mean what according to Wittgenstein

Answer 41

the limits of my world

Question 42

What must we do with what we cannot speak about according to Wittgenstein?

Answer 42

consign to silence

Question 43

How does Wittgenstein like (his portrayal of) Augustine’s description of language?

Answer 43

he thinks it is oversimplified. (Augustine used the ostensive form of language)

Question 44

Soren Kierkegaard believed truth was what?

Answer 44

Subjective