How to say...? / How to talk about...?

Question 1

How to talk about….understanding

Answer 1

1. 理解：(old Chinese. Suggests a personal understanding or shard experience. In Taiwan 理解 is rarely used).
2. 了解：(in Taiwan also need to have the experience to understand. Possible that in China it is closer to 懂).
3. 懂：(refers to knowledge. The stuff in your brain. Feeling verb, so can be used with classifiers like hen. You can say 他很懂事，很懂得喝茶).
4. 知道：(people have told me. More external to individuals, and tends to elate to news or information, 没有人告诉我，我不知道).
5. 清楚：(adjective. 看不清楚，说得清楚. Refers to quality rather than knowledge. Refers to a real thing not to something abstract, so can talk about a discussion being qingchu, but you mean the actual discussion not the content).
6. 明白：(old Chinese. Used more in China than Taiwan. Means 了解 and 懂. Use 明明白白. Pretty broadly used. Can mean any of the above).
7. 明了：(used in written Chinese as a replacement for 明白 and 了解 combined).

Question 2

By x votes to y

Answer 2

以 ❤️ 票 对/比 ❤️ 票 【通过 / 否决】