How to Make a Baby- Fetal Dev and Reproduction

Question 1

Graafian vs primary follicle

Answer 1

primary = thousands of follicles you are born with
graafian = mature follicle

Question 2

where does fertilization take place?

Answer 2

distal third of the fallopian tube

Question 3

where and when does implantation occur?

Answer 3

uterus

6-10 days following conception

Question 4

upper portion of uterus =

Answer 4

fundus

Question 5

The narrow, lower end that opens to the vagina is the=

Answer 5

cervix

Question 6

inner lining of uterus=

Answer 6

endometrium

Question 7

2 lays of endometrium =

Answer 7

basal = permanent
regenerative = functional

Question 8

Estrogen and progesterone stimulate ______layer to thicken for implantation

Answer 8

regernative/functional

Question 9

if no implantation occurs in the endometrium the _____ layer sheds during menstrual cycle

Answer 9

rengerative/functional

Question 10

How many days can sperms survive in female reproductive tract?

Answer 10

2-3 days

Question 11

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 11

1. follicular
2. ovulatory
3. luteal

Question 12

menstrual vs endometrial cycle

Answer 12

Menstrual Cycle Ovarian Cycle (3 phases) =Maturing of the ova

Endometrial Cycle (3 phases)= Changes in the endometrium of the uterus

Question 13

3 phases of endometrial cycle

Answer 13

1. proliferative
2. secretory
3. menstrual

Question 14

follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phase:

• LH, FSH, graafian follicle produces estrogen

Answer 14

follicular

Question 15

follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phase:

• peak estrogen and LH levels
• ends with release of mature egg

Answer 15

ovulatory

Question 16

ovulation =

Answer 16

release of mature egg

Question 17

what happen in luteal phase of menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

Corpus luteum produces high levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen if pregnancy occurs
◦ if no preg then corpus luteum will degenerate, low levels progesterone and menstruation occurs
◦ empty follicle forms into corpus luteum

Question 18

What happens in proliferative phase of endometrial cycle? when does it occur? what is primary hormone?

Answer 18

• Estrogen made by graafian follicle– primary hormone
◦ Takes place after menstruation and ends with ovulation
◦ endometrium is thickening and vascularizing to prepare for implantation

Question 19

what happens in secretory phase of endometrial cycle? primary hormone? when does it occur?

Answer 19

• Progesterone secreted from corpus luteum – primary hormone
◦ starts after ovulation and ends with onset of menstruation
◦ endometrium continues to thicken

◦ if preg occurs it will develop and secrete glycogen 
◦ if no preg luteum degrades

Question 20

what happens in menstrual phase of endometrial cycle? hormones?

Answer 20

• Significant decrease in progesterone and estrogen
◦ occurs in response to hormone changes
◦ sloughing off of regenerative layer

Question 21

What does FSH primarily act to stimulate?
• Development of the uterine endometrium
• Release of the mature ovum
• Maturation of the ovarian follicle
• Development of the ovary

Answer 21

ANSWER: • Maturation of the ovarian follicle

RATIONALES:
• Development of the uterine endometrium = stimulated by estrogen from ovarian follicular cell
• Release of the mature ovum = after a spike in LH
• Development of the ovary = occurs during fetal development

Question 22

3 phases of fetal development?

Answer 22

1. conception
2. cell division
3. implantation

Question 23

what happens during fertilization (conception)? where does it happen?

Answer 23

1. Conception (fertilization)
   • Sperm enters oocyte – zygote – 46 chromosomes
   • Outer third of fallopian tube

Question 24

What happens during cell division face of fetal development?

Answer 24

2. Cell division
   • Blastocyst
   • Embryoblast
   • Trophoblast

Question 25

What happens during implantation phase of fetal development?

Answer 25

3. Implantation

• Blastocyst embeds into endometrium on day 5 or 6

Question 26

Fetus vs embyro

Answer 26

1. Embryo
   • Implantation through 8 weeks gestation
2. Fetus
   • Week 9 to birth

Question 27

when does heart form? circulation begins?

Answer 27

embryo phase

Heart forms during 3rd week of gestation
• 4th week begins to beat and circulate blood

Question 28

what is happening during fetus phase?

Answer 28

organ systems grow and mature

Question 29

what is function of placenta?

Answer 29

Prevents mixing of fetal and maternal blood
• Metabolic & gas exchange
• Hormone production= Progesterone, Estrogen, hCG, hPL

Question 30

what is function/organization of umbilical cord? who carries what kind of blood?

Answer 30

• Two umbilical arteries
• One umbilical vein
• Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
• Veins carry oxygenated blood

Question 31

3 parts of fetal circulation

Answer 31

• Ductus venosus
• Foramen ovale
• Ductus arteriosus

Question 32

re fetal circulation: Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava(bypass liver) =

Answer 32

Ductus venosus

Question 33

re fetal circulation: Opening in heart’s septum between right and left atria =

Answer 33

Foramen ovale

Question 34

re fetal circulation: circulation Between pulmonary artery and descending aorta (bypass lungs) =

Answer 34

Ductus arteriosus

Question 35

A patient at 13 weeks gestation asks the nurse how her baby is nourished during pregnancy. Which information does the nurse use to explain the process to the mother?

• Fetal waste products and CO2 pass through the placenta to the mother.
• The placenta is a special organ developed to create nutrients and oxygen.
• The mother’s blood and fetus’s blood mix for an exchange of nutrients.
• Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.

Answer 35

• Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.