How to Make a Baby- Fetal Dev and Reproduction Flashcards
Graafian vs primary follicle
primary = thousands of follicles you are born with graafian = mature follicle
where does fertilization take place?
distal third of the fallopian tube
where and when does implantation occur?
uterus
6-10 days following conception
upper portion of uterus =
fundus
The narrow, lower end that opens to the vagina is the=
cervix
inner lining of uterus=
endometrium
2 lays of endometrium =
basal = permanent regenerative = functional
Estrogen and progesterone stimulate ______layer to thicken for implantation
regernative/functional
if no implantation occurs in the endometrium the _____ layer sheds during menstrual cycle
rengerative/functional
How many days can sperms survive in female reproductive tract?
2-3 days
3 phases of menstrual cycle
- follicular
- ovulatory
- luteal
menstrual vs endometrial cycle
Menstrual Cycle Ovarian Cycle (3 phases) =Maturing of the ova
Endometrial Cycle (3 phases)= Changes in the endometrium of the uterus
3 phases of endometrial cycle
- proliferative
- secretory
- menstrual
follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phase:
• LH, FSH, graafian follicle produces estrogen
follicular
follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phase:
- peak estrogen and LH levels
- ends with release of mature egg
ovulatory
ovulation =
release of mature egg
what happen in luteal phase of menstrual cycle?
Corpus luteum produces high levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen if pregnancy occurs
◦ if no preg then corpus luteum will degenerate, low levels progesterone and menstruation occurs
◦ empty follicle forms into corpus luteum
What happens in proliferative phase of endometrial cycle? when does it occur? what is primary hormone?
• Estrogen made by graafian follicle– primary hormone
◦ Takes place after menstruation and ends with ovulation
◦ endometrium is thickening and vascularizing to prepare for implantation
what happens in secretory phase of endometrial cycle? primary hormone? when does it occur?
• Progesterone secreted from corpus luteum – primary hormone
◦ starts after ovulation and ends with onset of menstruation
◦ endometrium continues to thicken
◦ if preg occurs it will develop and secrete glycogen ◦ if no preg luteum degrades
what happens in menstrual phase of endometrial cycle? hormones?
• Significant decrease in progesterone and estrogen
◦ occurs in response to hormone changes
◦ sloughing off of regenerative layer
What does FSH primarily act to stimulate?
• Development of the uterine endometrium
• Release of the mature ovum
• Maturation of the ovarian follicle
• Development of the ovary
ANSWER: • Maturation of the ovarian follicle
RATIONALES:
• Development of the uterine endometrium = stimulated by estrogen from ovarian follicular cell
• Release of the mature ovum = after a spike in LH
• Development of the ovary = occurs during fetal development
3 phases of fetal development?
- conception
- cell division
- implantation
what happens during fertilization (conception)? where does it happen?
- Conception (fertilization)
• Sperm enters oocyte – zygote – 46 chromosomes
• Outer third of fallopian tube
What happens during cell division face of fetal development?
- Cell division
• Blastocyst
• Embryoblast
• Trophoblast
What happens during implantation phase of fetal development?
- Implantation
• Blastocyst embeds into endometrium on day 5 or 6
Fetus vs embyro
- Embryo
• Implantation through 8 weeks gestation - Fetus
• Week 9 to birth
when does heart form? circulation begins?
embryo phase
Heart forms during 3rd week of gestation
• 4th week begins to beat and circulate blood
what is happening during fetus phase?
organ systems grow and mature
what is function of placenta?
Prevents mixing of fetal and maternal blood
• Metabolic & gas exchange
• Hormone production= Progesterone, Estrogen, hCG, hPL
what is function/organization of umbilical cord? who carries what kind of blood?
- Two umbilical arteries
- One umbilical vein
- Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
- Veins carry oxygenated blood
3 parts of fetal circulation
- Ductus venosus
- Foramen ovale
- Ductus arteriosus
re fetal circulation: Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava(bypass liver) =
Ductus venosus
re fetal circulation: Opening in heart’s septum between right and left atria =
Foramen ovale
re fetal circulation: circulation Between pulmonary artery and descending aorta (bypass lungs) =
Ductus arteriosus
A patient at 13 weeks gestation asks the nurse how her baby is nourished during pregnancy. Which information does the nurse use to explain the process to the mother?
- Fetal waste products and CO2 pass through the placenta to the mother.
- The placenta is a special organ developed to create nutrients and oxygen.
- The mother’s blood and fetus’s blood mix for an exchange of nutrients.
- Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.
• Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.
