How the body responds to infection Flashcards
Where are B lymphocytes made
bone marrow
where are T lymphocytes made
Thymus
What are the bone marrow and thymus
Primary lymphoid organs
How do lymphocytes travel
Through lymph nodes
How do lymphocytes move through the body (lymphocyte recirculation)
- MOvement in blood stream
- Can enter secondary lymphoid tissue
- From peripheral tissue, enter lymph nodes through afferent lymphatics
- LEave lymph nodes through efferent lymphatics
What are the PMS/granulocytes
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
What are mono-nuclear cells
- monocytes/macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- MK cells
- CD8+ TC lymphocytes
- CD4+ TH lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes
What don’t mast cells do
circulate in blood stream
What cels are part of innate immunity
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils
- Mast cells
- macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- MK cells
What cels are part of adaptive immunity
- CD8+ TC lymphocytes
- CD4+ TH lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes
Characteristics of innate immunity
- naturally activated
- quickly activated
- moderate efficiency
- doesn’t improve
- general response to categories of microbes
What does innate immunity recognize
PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)(e.g. double stranded RNA)
What are PAMPS
characteristic chemical structure
How does the innate response recognize PAMPS
PRR (pattern recognition receptors)
What activates the innate immune response
Binding of PRR and PAMPS
Characteristics of adaptive immunity
- more slowly activated
- improves
- high efficiency
- specific response to individual microbes
- recognition of antigens specific to each type of microbe
What does the adaptive immune system recognize
antigen-specific receptors clonally expressed by lymphocytes
Definition of an antigen
Activates lymphocytes
What’s the primary immune response
- microbe gets through epithelial barrier
- Innate response (macrophages activated by PAMPS bound to PRRs and comp proteins)
- Early induced response (innate/inflammatory)
What is the early induced response
-Inflammatory mediators from complement, macrophages and mast cells attract leukocytes and serum proteins (more complement) from blood vessels
What is the later adaptive response
- Antigen carriage by dendritic cells to lymphoid tissue
- Activation pf specific memory T and B lymphocytes and Antibody production recirculation to site of infection
What gives a faster response after a primary infection
Memory T and B cells
What are the different categories of infection
- Extracellular infection
- Intracellular vesicular infection
- intracellular cytosolic infection
What cells do extracellular infections involve
- phagocytes
- antibodies
- complement proteins
