How successful was Richard of York’s ‘Second Protectorate’* (1455-1456)? Flashcards
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was successful- What efforts were made at conciliation during the Second Protectorate?
Efforts of conciliation were made. All the lords were summoned to Parliament regardless of affiliation.
A full pardon was issued to those fighting on York’s side.
Responsibility for St Albans was placed on Somerset.
There was no Yorkist monopoly on grants of patronage.
York secured the pay of the Calais garrison through a deal with the merchants of the staple.
Humphrey of Gloucester who died in 1447 was formally rehabilitated.
Somerset’s heir was not summoned to Parliament because he was formally underage.
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was successful- What role did Warwick play during the Second Protectorate?
Warwick was made Captain of Calais, which was crucial for the Yorkists later.
No additional information provided.
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was not successful- What major disturbances occurred in Wales during the Second Protectorate?
Some Welsh gentry had become too powerful and independent e.g. Gruffydd ap Nicholas exploited his office for maximum financial gain and carried out criminal activities with impunity.
Example of Welsh gentry abusing power.
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was not successful- Why was local violence particularly bad in Devon during the Second Protectorate?
The unresolved feud between the Earl of Devon (Courtenay) and Lord Bonville led to ongoing violence. Nicholas Radford, a lawyer who served Lord Bonville, was abducted and murdered by the Courtenays.
Devon had swiched sides away from York at St Albans in 1455 so Bonville now became a supporter of the Yorkists.
Details of the feud and violence in Devon.
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was not successful- What was York’s intention with the major Act of Resumption during the Second Protectorate?
To reduce the queen’s spending and protect the Duchy of Lancaster. Few nobles supported this move due to concerns about altering the king’s power.
York’s failed attempt to control royal finances.
The ‘Second Protectorate’ was not successful- Why did some important nobles refuse to cooperate with the protectorate during the Second Protectorate?
Some nobles opposed York’s rule e.g. Wiltshire would not work with it and Exeter had to be kept in prison, while others were reluctant to be associated with him in fear of losing power.
Nobles’ reasons for not supporting the protectorate.
Who eventually regained control of government after the Second Protectorate?
Queen Margaret and those opposed to York regained control and began removing his associates from power.
Outcome of the power struggle.
