How did Edward IV pacify realm from 1471 and 1475?

Question 1

Coercion- What happened to the Lancastrian heir, Edward of Lancaster, at the Battle of Tewkesbury?

Answer 1

He was killed

(May 1471)

Question 2

Coercion-Who was sent to compel the Bastard of Fauconberg to submit?

Answer 2

Richard of Gloucester

(Thomas Neville)

Question 3

Coercion- What happened to rebels associated with the Kent uprising, including Nicholas Faunt?

Answer 3

They were executed

Question 4

Coercion- What did Edward IV do after Tewkesbury to punish his opponents?

Answer 4

Appointed commissions to arrest and punish opponents

(15-16 July 1471)

Question 5

Coercion- What were the main forms of punishment for Edward IV’s opponents?

Answer 5

Most punishments were fines

Essex paid £250, Kent paid £1,700

Question 6

Coercion- What did towns like Canterbury and the Cinque Ports have to do after Tewkesbury?

Answer 6

They had to repurchase their liberties

Question 7

Coercion- What did powerful individuals implicated in supporting the Bastard of Fauconberg have to do?

Answer 7

They had to pay fines

Reginald West (1,000 marks), William Tournay (£300), Sir William Eure (£400)

Question 8

Coercion- What did Edward extort from Lancastrian bishops placed in the Tower of London after Barnet?

Answer 8

He extorted ‘gifts’

Question 9

Coercion- Where did Lancastrian noble and general, John de Vere, flee to in 1471?

Answer 9

Scotland

Question 10

Coercion (limitation)- What did Jasper Tudor do to gain revenge for his father’s death at Mortimer’s Cross?

Answer 10

Seized and executed Roger Vaughan

Question 11

Coercion (limitation)- Where did Jasper Tudor flee to with his nephew Henry Tudor after seizing St. Michael’s Mount in Cornwall?

Answer 11

Brittany

Question 12

Clemency and Conciliation- Prominent Lancastrian officials who were pardoned and became trusted members of Edward IV’s government

Answer 12

Sir John Fortescue, John Morton, and Sir Richard Tunstall

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Question 13

Clemency and Conciliation- Number of attainders that followed Edward IV’s restoration

Answer 13

Thirteen, with at least six of those already dead

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Question 14

Clemency and Conciliation- Number of attainders passed in Edward IV’s first reign that were reversed during the parliament of 1472-5

Answer 14

Twenty-three

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Question 15

Clemency and Conciliation- Date when Edward IV proclaimed a general pardon for common people drawn into the recent conflict

Answer 15

October 1471

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Question 16

Clemency and Conciliation- Number of bishops implicated in supporting the readeption regime who were pardoned by the end of 1472

Answer 16

Six out of eight

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Question 17

Clemency and Conciliation- Date when the rebel garrison of Calais and their leader were pardoned

Answer 17

July 1471

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Question 18

Effective governance- What did Edward IV do to strengthen his governance?

Answer 18

Edward IV started to place close friends and family with a reputation for trustworthiness and competence into positions of regional power.

Question 19

Effective governance- How did Edward IV reward those who aided his restoration?

Answer 19

Edward most heavily rewarded the magnates who had aided his restoration, thus creating incentives for future loyalty.

Question 20

Effective governance- What did Edward IV do to repair relations with the Hanseatic League?

Answer 20

Edward IV repaired relations with the Hanseatic League by signing the Treaty of Utrecht.

Question 21

Effective governance (limitation)- What incident caused lasting bitterness between Edward IV and Earl Rivers?

Answer 21

Edward IV intended to make Earl Rivers Captain of Calais, but he went off on crusade, to Edward IV’s annoyance, and was replaced by Lord Hastings.

Question 22

Foreign policy- What temporary truce did Edward IV sign with Louis XI of France?

Answer 22

Edward IV signed a temporary truce with Louis XI of France from September 1471 to May 1472.

Question 23

Foreign policy- What alliance did Edward IV prefer over the Duke of Burgundy?

Answer 23

Edward was keener on an alliance with the Duke of Brittany over the Duke of Burgundy.

Question 24

Foreign policy- What did Edward IV use as a strategy to reunite the English nobility?

Answer 24

Edward IV used an anti-French foreign policy to reunite the English nobility and political society by giving them a common enemy.

Question 25

Foreign policy- Who did Edward IV sign a marriage alliance treaty with in October 1474?

Answer 25

On 26 October 1474 Edward IV signed a marriage alliance treaty with Scotland.

Question 26

Foreign policy- When did Edward IV lead an invasion force to France?

Answer 26

Edward IV finally led an invasion force to France in July 1475.