How far did the lives of working people in Britain improve in the years 1785-1870?

Question 1

What was the first legislative improvement passed?

Answer 1

1833 factory act

Question 2

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children under 9?

Answer 2

couldn’t be employed

Question 3

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children aged 9-13?

Answer 3

could only work a 48 hour week, limited to 9 hours a day

Question 4

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children aged 13-18?

Answer 4

12 hour working day

Question 5

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children 9-11?

Answer 5

2 hours’ schooling a day

Question 6

What did the 1833 factory act mean for the working patterns of those under 18?

Answer 6

No night work

Question 7

What did the 1833 factory act mean for factory inspectors?

Answer 7

A factory inspectorate was established, though this covered 4 000 mills with just 4 men

Question 8

Why was the 1833 factory act, and its extensive provisions for young people, so valuable?

Answer 8

This was valuable because by 1821 49% of the working population were under the age of 20

Question 9

What did the 1842 mines act ban?

Answer 9

Children under 10 and women from working underground

Question 10

What did the 1844 factory act do for children aged 8-13?

Answer 10

couldn’t work more than 6.5 hours a day

Question 11

What were women’s hours reduced to?

Answer 11

The same as children 13-18, 12 hours a day

Question 12

What did the 1844 factory act increase?

Answer 12

The number of inspectors

Question 13

What is a key limitation of 1833?

Answer 13

Just textiles

Question 14

Which factory act is the 10 hours act?

Answer 14

1847 factory act

Question 15

What was the key provision of the 1847 factory act?

Answer 15

10 hour working day for women and children

Question 16

What was the key limitation of the 1847 factory act?

Answer 16

Factory owners managed to maintain a 12 hour working day through shift work, though the 1853 restricted this by limiting the working hours from 6am to 6pm but conceding to increase it to a 10.5 hour working day

Question 17

Which acts took factory reform beyond textiles?

Answer 17

1860-67 factory extension acts

Question 18

What was the 1867 factory extension act?

Answer 18

It applied it to all factories who employe more than 50 workers

Question 19

What did Chadwick publish in 1842, how many copies did it sell and until when did it influence government?

Answer 19

Edwin Chadwick published ‘The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain” in 1842 which sold 100 000 copies and influenced government reform until 1870

Question 20

What sustained the momentum of the 1842 Sanitary Condition chadwick report?

Answer 20

1844 health of towns association

Question 21

who formed the 1844 health of towns association?

Answer 21

southward smith

Question 22

What did Southward Smith pressure the government into?

Answer 22

February 1848 public health act

Question 23

When did the public health act become compulsory?

Answer 23

if your mortality rate was more than 23/100

Question 24

Who introduced the public health act february 1848 and what was the trigger cause?

Answer 24

Lord morpeth after an outbreak of typhus

Question 25

Assess the 1848 public health act?

Answer 25

This provided a positive framework for local authorities but did not compel any action. In the short and medium term this actually had very little impact on the working classes.

Question 26

What did the 1852 burial act do?

Answer 26

established a public network of cemeteries across London and meant that bodies could not be removed from the ground without a licence for it

Question 27

Which years extended the 1852 burial act across the country?

Answer 27

1854 and 1857

Question 28

Which act made Local Authorities Responsible for Sewers, Water and Street Cleaning?

Answer 28

1866 Sanitary Act

Question 29

What did the Sanitary Act compel?

Answer 29

Sanitation inspections for corporations and for them to maintain adequate records of these inspections

Question 30

What did the sanitary Act make illegal?

Answer 30

Not quarantining the contagious

Question 31

Which two books aimed to raise the profile of the plight of the working classes?

Answer 31

Dickens’ books such as Olvier Twist and Hard Times

Question 32

What reforms put workers’ rights more firmly on the political agenda?

Answer 32

1867 reform act, particularly those of the affluent worker

Question 33

Give two examples of locations of socially responsible employers

Answer 33

Robert Owen at New Lanark and Titus Salt at Saltaire in West Yorkshire

Question 34

Between 1801 and 1851, by what percentage did the population of urban areas increase by each year?

Answer 34

27%

Question 35

By 1841 what proportion of Birmingham’s workers lived in back to back houses?

Answer 35

⅔

Question 36

How many back to back houses in nottingham?

Answer 36

12 600

Question 37

How wide was one back to back house?

Answer 37

4m

Question 38

What was the rent for a front house and a back house?

Answer 38

Front house rent was 2s 6d/ week and back house, which were accessed by a communal area, rent was 1s 10d/ week.

Question 39

When and where was the first cholera outbreak?

Answer 39

Sunderland 1831

Question 40

How many people did the first ever cholera outbreak killl?

Answer 40

32 000 within a year

Question 41

What are the three dates for Asiatic cholera and how many did each outbreak kill?

Answer 41

Asiatic Cholera killed 52 000 people in 1832, 70 000 1848/49, and 18 000 in 1866.

Question 42

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions found what about child mortality rates?

Answer 42

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions 57% of children born to working class parents died before their 5th Birthday.

Question 43

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions found what about the streets of manchester?

Answer 43

The same report in Manchester found that, of 687 streets inspected, 252 had stagnate pools of effluence or rubbish.

Question 44

Reforms that were made by the government were generally a response to conditions worsening during the industrial revolution, and where not what?

Answer 44

They were not pre-emptive attempts to improve workers’ lives as much as addressing genuine humanitarian concerns that were products of the industrial revolution.

Question 45

As late as 1850, what did many workers still have to suffer?

Answer 45

Many industrial workers still worked a 50 hour week as late as 1850.

Question 46

Whilst safety did improve, how did the pace of industrialisation limit this?

Answer 46

the pace of industrialisation meant that these measures were often outstripped and enforcement was problematic

Question 47

On what principle were workhouses formed?

Answer 47

Less eligibility

Question 48

What did the 1843 PLAA ban and what supports this idea?

Answer 48

The 1834 PLAA was intended to ban outdoor poor relief and the 402 workhouses built immediately after this happened suggests that this was the case in some areas.