Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pharmacology > How Drugs Work: The Nuts And Bolts Of Therapeutics > Flashcards

How Drugs Work: The Nuts And Bolts Of Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body and the mechanims of drug action and the relationship between the drug concentration and effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In simple word what is pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When a drug and its receptor come together what does this produce

A

An effect (d+r= dr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of actions of a drug

A

Non specific action

Specific action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of a non specifc action of a drug

A

Antacid which reacts with gastric acid to neutralise the gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give a specific action of a drug

A

Drugs that act on chemically sensitive protein e.g receptors or specific target molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are drug target examples

A 
G protein coupled receptors
Kinase linked receptors
Dna linked receptors
Voltage dependent ion chanells
Enzymes
Transporter proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are g protein coupled receptors

A

Receptor binding that leads to interaction with g protein couples with intracellular enzyme activation (cAMP, cGMP) or ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are kinase linked receptors

A

Receptor binding that activates intracellular protein kinase associated reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are dna linked receptors located

A

In the cell nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does activation of dna linked receptors activate or inhibit

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when drugs target voltage dependent ion channels

A

Drugs alter the conductance of the ion channle and enable the cell to be excitable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do drugs target enzymes

A

Subtrate competetion or modify the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are transporter proteins

A

Special proteins that carry ions or molcules across the cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does drug receptor interaction depend on

A

Chemical composition such as polarity
Stereochemical disposition
Ability for drug to reach receptor binding zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As we increase the drug concentration what happens to the receptor concentration (ie concentration of occupied receptors)

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eventually as the drug concentration continues to increase what happens to the proportion of receptors bound

A

Become 100% occupied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is affinity

A

The probabiltiy of the drug occupyin the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can affinity be influenced by

A

Ageing
Genetic mutations
Other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is selectivity

A

The degree which a drug acts on a given site compared to other sites

21
Q

What does efficacy mean

A

The ability of a drug receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response

22
Q

Give an example of efficacy

A

Drug A will have a greater efficacy than drug b no matter how much you increase the dose of drug b

23
Q

What is an agonist

A

A chemical that binds to receptors and activates it to produce a biological response

24
Q

What is an antagonist

A

A chemicla that bind and blocks agonist mediated responses rather than providing a biological response

25
Q

What is a natural agonist

A

Natural agonist in the body that work on natural receptors e.g dopamine that works in the brain

26
Q

What is a partial agonist

A

A chemical that binds to the receptor and has a partial efficacy compared to the full agonist

27
Q

What is potency

A

A measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount to produce an effect of given intensity

28
Q

What does a highly potent drug produce

A

A large response at a low concentration

29
Q

On a dose response curve what is the more potent drug going to be shifted to

A

To the left

30
Q

What is tolerance

A

With repeated doses the effect of a drug decreases

31
Q

What are the reasons for tolerance

A

Downregulation of receptor number
Decreased receptor binding affinity
Modulation downstream response to initial response

32
Q

What is a withdrawal reaction

A

When tolerance is present and the body is desensitised to the effect of the drug, so when the drus is withdrawan it causes a rebound effect/reaction.

33
Q

What is therapeutic efficacy

A

The effectiveness of a drug to produce an effect

34
Q

What is an ON target response

A

When we give a drug and want to act on on a particular receptor

35
Q

What is an OFF target response

A

When the drug affects other receptors that we do not want it to

36
Q

What is the therapeutic index

A

The ratio of the dose that produces toxicity to the dose that produces a clinically desired/ effective response

37
Q

What is a dose

A

The total quantity of an active agent taken at any one time

38
Q

Is dose and dosage the same

A

No because dosage considers the body weight or surface area

39
Q

What is formulation

A

Altering the form of a drug to make the medicine more effective and more acceptable to the patient

40
Q

What is pharmokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

41
Q

What factors do we need to consider in pharmokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

42
Q

In formulation what do we need to consider

A

Route of administration

43
Q

What are the 3 types of route administration

A
  1. Topical
  2. Enteral
  3. Parenteral
44
Q

What is topical adminstration

A

Applying the drug directly to where action is desired

45
Q

What is enteral administration

A

The desired effect is system i,e non local so the substance is given by the digestive tract

46
Q

What is parenteral adminstration

A

The desired effect is systemic i.e non local so the substance is given by other routes except the digestive tract

47
Q

What are example of topical treatment

A 
Transcutaenous 
Inhalation 
Enema 
Eye drops
Ear drops
Intra nasal route
Vaginal
48
Q

What is an example of enteral treatment

A

Mouth forms in tablets, capsules

49
Q

What are examples of parenteral treatment

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intra radial
Transdermal: diffusion through the intact skin e.g nicotine patches
Transmucosa: diffusion throuhg a mucous membrane
Inhalation

Clinical Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions