How does biofilm lead to development of periodontal disease? Flashcards
What is the definition of periodontal disease?
Bacterially-induced, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth.
How does the immune response differ in diseased sites in comparison to healthy sites?
Diseased sites have an exacerbated, uncontrolled, detrimental immune response.
Healthy sites have well-defined, precisely orchestrated, effective immune response.
What is the primary aetiological factor for periodontitis?
Dental plaque
What are the local factors for periodontitis?
Calculus
Restorations with overhanging margins
[Anything that promotes he accumulation of dental plaque]
Give examples of some general systemic factors for periodontitis?
Diabetes mellitus
Puberty
Pregnancy
Immunodeficiency
What does ‘systemic factors’ mean?
Factors that modify the host-bacteria interaction
Give examples of non-modifiable (background) systemic factors that affect periodontitis?
Age
Race
Gene polymorphism
Hyper-responsive phenotype (abnormal inflammatory response)
Give examples of environmental, acquired systemic factors for periodontitis?
Smoking
systemic diseases
medications
psychological factors
What is a prerequisite?
A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist
What are the prerequisites for periodontal disease initiation and progression?
Virulent periodontal pathogens.
Local environment.
Host susceptibility (gene polymorphisms, smoking, diabetes, immunosuppression, PMN (neutrophil) defects)
What is the primary cause of destruction in periodontal tissue?
Deregulated inflammatory (immune) response to dental plaque. Disruption of protective innate immunity or unresolved inflammation. This accounts for 80% of perio tissue destruction.
What accounts for the other 20% of periodontal tissue destruction?
Direct action of the microorganisms
