How do kids progress

Question 1

How do kids progress

Answer 1

In throwing ( and most things) : practice

there is likely some genetic component in throwing

biologically impacts performance (maybe 10%)

socio-cultural (treatment, opportunity, encouragment, practice,) is the greatest

principle 3: good things are earned

Question 2

Two paths for Cognition and movement

Answer 2

1 knowing what movements to do (or when)

2. understanding where and how movements are learned and controlled

Question 3

Central motor program

Answer 3

Muscle memory versus central motor program

memory is in the brain

movements have two phases: pre-programmed and sensory control

with practice more is pre-programmed

conscious and unconscious conrol: monitor and adjust (often in lower centers)
Constant adjustments (often in higher centers)

Question 4

Motor programs ( information)

Answer 4

beginning and ending points

acceleration and deceleration

force/speed

angle

Question 5

Motor programs ( Variant)

Answer 5

overall speed or timing

Question 6

Motor programs (invariant)

Answer 6

relative timing

order

Question 7

As skill develops

Answer 7

we become less aware

the movement becomes automatic

after a movement we may recall the “feel”

avoid thinking during the movement

ultimately the “expert” may not know what they do during a movement

Question 8

cognition

Answer 8

Cognition is involved in decision making

cognition is critical in learning and performance

Question 9

Theories of Cognitive development (Jean Piaget)

Answer 9

Jean Piaget
Swiss psychologist
child and environment interact to drive intellectual development
focus on stages and consistency among children
used task to determine stages and make predictions

Question 10

Theories of Cognitive development (Robbie Case

Answer 10

Robbie Case

Joined Piaget and information processing

Question 11

Theories of Cognitive development (Jerome Bruner)

Answer 11

Jerome Bruner

constructivism

Question 12

most important point of theories

Answer 12

Theories evolve

what is common maybe the most important

The focus tends to be what is different

Question 13

Piaget’s stages

Answer 13

Sensorimotor (Birth -2)
Shifts from reflex to controlled purposeful movement, organized from random movement, explores with movement using trial and error.

Preoperational (2-7)
Illogical, one-dimensional (one aspect)

Concrete operations (7-11) 
Rule Bound

Formal operations (12+ years)
Abstract thinking

Question 14

Constructivism

Answer 14

Learning is an active process
learners construct meaning
Experiential

Based on information processing from Jerome Bruner
Constructivists fall into two categories…..
WIG (without information given) <- Radical
BIG (beyond information given)