How did the Latin West support Outremer between 1119 and 1149? Flashcards
What are the 3 key factors for this question?
Intermarriage
Crusading
Military Orders
What were enhanced by Intermarriage? Between who? Who was Pons of Tripoli married to?
Social ties
Noble families of Outremer and the Latin West
Cecilie of France
What was there a perceived need for in the Latin West? What were lors expected to do? What did the Latin West do to promote this in Outremer?
Male rule
Lead or direct armies in times of war
They provided noble men (ideally with wealth, connections and armies) when male heirs were lacking there
How many children did Baldwin II have with Morphia? What did he seek for his eldest daughter Melisende? What was the result of this? When?
4 daughters but no sons
A Latin noble (1227 onwards) - he also used this to secure knights for his planned crusade in 1129
She married Count Fulk of V Anjou
1129
When did Bohemond II die? Who did he leave? Who was she married to? When?
1130
His infant daughter, Constance
Raymond of Poitiers
1136
Who came to fight on minor crusades and then lived in Outremer?
Nobles like Fulk of Anjou
What did the nobles bring with them when they came to fight in Outremer?
Feudal followers
What is the significance of nobles bringing their feudal followers to Outremer?
It indicates the establishment of feudal systems and power dynamics in the region.
What key political event took place in 1120? What month? What was discussed? What was the result?
A general assembly (council) at Nablus
January 1120
The crisis facing the crusader states
The first direct appeal to pope Calixtus II for a new crusade to the Holy Land and a further entreaty for help to Venice
Where did the Venetians aid the capture of? When?
Tyre
1124
What did Baldwin II rally for? When?
Another ‘crusade’ for a projected attack on Damascus
1129
When was the Second Crusade launched? When did it arrive in Outremer?
December 1145
1148
CA: What continued to happen to the Franks which limited support? Who from?
Suffer military defeats after the Field of Blood
Latin Christians in the West
CA: What years was the Venetian Crusade? What did they not do which is important considering that it was a consequence of the Field of Blood?
1120-1124
Did not to to help/support Antioch
CA: When was there little crusading activity?
Between 1130 and 1144
What happened to 300 pilgrims before the Field of Blood? When? Where? What was this a key driver of?
They were massacred
Easter 1119
near the River Jordan
The establishment of the Templars
What were the Hospitallers divided into? What were the Templars divided into? What did this rapidly gain?
Priories
Commanderies
Wealth
What was greatly increased by the support of the Latin Church? What was written in 1128? By who?
The stream of recruits into the new military orders
In Praise of the New Chivalry
Bernard of Clairvaux
When was the Templar rule approved? What did this require? What had to be given up?
1129
The brother sto take vows and live in a community as monks
All ties of property and family
What did the Hospitallers hire? Where did they defend? When? What castle were they given and when? Where did the Templars mann? When?
Mercenaries from the 1130s
Eastern boarder of the County of Tripoli
1142 onwards
Krak des Chaveliers (c. 1144)
Bagras castle (near Antioch)
From 1136
CA: What was apparent about the size of the military orders, despite their popularity?
Still quite small until 1130s (at the earliest)
