Challenges to the authority of the kings of Jerusalem, 1118-1149

Question 1

Who were the 3 king sof Jerusalem between 1118 and 1149?

Answer 1

Baldwin II
Fulk
Baldwin III

Question 2

What period did Baldwin II reign?

Answer 2

1118 - 1131

Question 3

What period did Fulk reign?

Answer 3

1131 - 1143

Question 4

What period did Baldwin III reign?

Answer 4

1143 - 1162

Question 5

When did Baldwin I die?

Answer 5

2 April 1118

Question 6

Who were the two main candidates for succession after Baldwin I’s death?

Answer 6

Eustace of Boulogne and Baldwin of Bourcq (Baldwin II of Edessa)

Question 7

What action did supporters of Eustace take in the wake of Baldwin I’s death?

Answer 7

They travelled to Europe to seek him

Question 8

Who led the supporters that crowned Baldwin II in Eustace’s absence?

Answer 8

Joscelin of Courtenay

Question 9

Did Eustace contest the crown after Baldwin I’s death?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What was Baldwin II’s response to the supporters of Eustace?

Answer 10

He continued to act against those who had supported Eustace

Question 11

What was Pons of Tripoli’s objection regarding Baldwin II?

Answer 11

The dominance of Baldwin II in Antioch after the Field of Blood

Question 12

What significant event did Pons refuse to attend in 1120?

Answer 12

The Council of Nablus

Question 13

By what year was Pons openly refusing obedience to Baldwin II?

Answer 13

1122

Question 14

What action did Baldwin II take in response to Pons’ refusal?

Answer 14

He raised a large army and marched on Tripoli

Question 15

What was the outcome for Pons after Baldwin II’s military action?

Answer 15

Pons was forced to give way

Question 16

Was Pons formally required to submit to Baldwin II?

Answer 16

No, he was spared a formal submission

Question 17

What was evident about Baldwin II’s position after the encounter with Pons?

Answer 17

Baldwin II’s dominance was clear

Question 18

Who captured Baldwin II in 1123?

Answer 18

Balak

Question 19

What year did Baldwin II get captured?

Answer 19

1123

Question 20

Who was proposed to replace Baldwin II in 1124?

Answer 20

Charles, Count of Flanders

Question 21

Did Charles accept the crown to replace Baldwin II?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What significant event happened to Baldwin II later in 1124?

Answer 22

He was released

Question 23

Why was there a challenge to Baldwin II’s daughter Melisende?

Answer 23

Baldwin II lacked a son

Question 24

In what year did Baldwin II formally make Melisende his heir?

Answer 24

1127

Question 25

Who did Baldwin II secure as a husband for Melisende?

Answer 25

Fulk of Anjou

Question 26

What qualities were attributed to Fulk of Anjou?

Answer 26

Rich, fertile, and a successful warrior

Question 27

In what year did Melisende marry Fulk of Anjou?

Answer 27

1129

Question 28

What was the name of Melisende and Fulk's son?

Answer 28

Baldwin III

Question 29

When was Baldwin III born?

Answer 29

1130

Question 30

Who was made the sole guardian of Baldwin III?

Answer 30

Melisende

Question 31

What was Princess Alice of Antioch's relation to Baldwin II?

Answer 31

Daughter

Question 32

What did Alice seek to do after her husband Bohemond II's death?

Answer 32

Assert her own claim to the regency of Antioch

Question 33

What did Baldwin II demand of Alice regarding her daughter Constance?

Answer 33

Remarry to provide a guardian

Question 34

Who was Alice's unsuccessful ally in her attempt to keep control?

Answer 34

Zengi, the Muslim ruler of Aleppo

Question 35

What happened to Alice after she surrendered?

Answer 35

She was banished

Question 36

Who became the new guardian of Constance after Alice's banishment?

Answer 36

Joscelin I of Edessa

Question 37

In what year did Alice of Antioch exploit the death of Baldwin II and Joscelin I of Edessa?

Answer 37

1131

Question 38

Who was the new king of Jerusalem that Alice of Antioch opposed?

Answer 38

Fulk of Anjou

Question 39

What position did Fulk reject concerning Joscelin II?

Answer 39

Guardian

Question 40

Who did Joscelin II ally with after Fulk rejected him?

Answer 40

Alice of Antioch

Question 41

What was Pons, Count of Tripoli's goal in relation to Jerusalem?

Answer 41

Assert his independence

Question 42

Who had raised Pons, Count of Tripoli?

Answer 42

Tancred

Question 43

In what year did Fulk march an army to Antioch?

Answer 43

1132

Question 44

What geographical location blocked Fulk before he sailed to Antioch?

Answer 44

Tripoli

Question 45

What action did Fulk take after capturing Antioch?

Answer 45

Alice was forced to surrender

Question 46

Who marched north to confront Fulk after Alice's surrender?

Answer 46

Pons

Question 47

What bases did Pons use to confront Fulk?

Answer 47

* Arzghan * Rugia

Question 48

What was the outcome of the battle between Pons and Fulk?

Answer 48

Pons was defeated

Question 49

What did Fulk attempt to do between 1131 and 1136 regarding Melisende?

Answer 49

Exclude her from government

Question 50

Who sided with Melisende during the tensions in the kingdom?

Answer 50

Native Frankish barons

Question 51

What did Fulk promote among his followers?

Answer 51

Promotion of his own followers from Anjou (France)

Question 52

What major scandal occurred in 1134 involving Melisende?

Answer 52

Accusation of Hugh of Jaffa plotting to kill Fulk

Question 53

What happened to Hugh of Jaffa in 1134?

Answer 53

He took a mortal wound from an assassination attempt

Question 54

Who was suspected of involvement in the assassination attempt on Hugh of Jaffa?

Answer 54

Fulk

Question 55

When did Alice return to Antioch?

Answer 55

1135 ## Footnote Alice returned due to her sister Queen Melisende’s influence.

Question 56

What role did Alice claim upon her return to Antioch?

Answer 56

Regency ## Footnote Alice enjoyed real power in the city.

Question 57

What did Alice seek for her daughter and herself?

Answer 57

Byzantine suitors ## Footnote This was part of her strategy after returning to Antioch.

Question 58

Who was led to believe that Raymond would wed Alice?

Answer 58

Alice of Antioch ## Footnote She thought they would rule jointly for her daughter Constance.

Question 59

What was the truth behind the marriage of Raymond and Constance?

Answer 59

It was a ruse planned by Fulk ## Footnote Raymond secretly married Constance upon entering Antioch.

Question 60

Who performed the marriage ceremony for Constance and Raymond?

Answer 60

The Patriarch of Antioch ## Footnote He was misled by Fulk about having a dominant role in the government.

Question 61

Fill in the blank: Alice sought _____ suitors for her daughter.

Answer 61

Byzantine ## Footnote This indicates her strategic intentions for alliances.

Question 62

True or False: The Patriarch of Antioch was aware of the deception regarding the marriage.

Answer 62

False ## Footnote He was deceived by Fulk's promises.

Question 63

Who were jointly crowned as co-rulers on Christmas Day, 1143?

Answer 63

Baldwin III and Melisende ## Footnote Baldwin III was only 13 years old at the time of the coronation.

Question 64

Who dominated the government after the coronation of Baldwin III?

Answer 64

Melisende ## Footnote She governed through key supporters.

Question 65

Name three key supporters that helped Melisende govern.

Answer 65

* Manasses of Hierges * Philip of Milly (Lord of Nablus) * Elinand of Bures (Prince of Galilee) ## Footnote These supporters played a crucial role in the administration.

Question 66

What was the purpose of the army sent by Melisende in late 1144?

Answer 66

To assist Edessa against Zengi ## Footnote The army was led by Manasses, Philip of Milly, and Elinand.

Question 67

What was the outcome of Melisende's army sent to Edessa?

Answer 67

It arrived too late to be of assistance ## Footnote This highlights the challenges faced during military campaigns.

Question 68

At the Council of Acre in June 1148, which two leaders were keen to attack Damascus?

Answer 68

Conrad III and Louis VII ## Footnote Their plans were supported by Baldwin III.

Question 69

What was Baldwin III's motivation for supporting the attack on Damascus?

Answer 69

To extend Jerusalem’s territory and his own independence ## Footnote This reflects his desire for greater control.

Question 70

What city did Melisende prefer to attack instead of Damascus?

Answer 70

Aleppo ## Footnote Melisende's preference indicates differing military strategies.

Question 71

True or False: Melisende prevailed in her preference to attack Aleppo over Damascus.

Answer 71

False ## Footnote Baldwin III's support for the attack on Damascus indicates a lack of consensus.