How are places created through placemaking processes? 5.5 Flashcards
What is the role of government in placemaking?
use of GIS and data with locational components means governments at all scales are becoming more aware of the need to consider placemaking as a part of their operations.
Government departments also engage with foreign countries, for example trade links are supported and military co-operation is organised.
What is the role of TNCs in placemaking?
Growth of TNCs in all sectors has means governments are keen to encourage inward investment by TNCs.
FDI has increased since the 1980s. Most FDI flows of capital are from TNCs headquartered in ACs, e.g Barclays. Over 60% of their investments are in other ACs.
TNCs originating from EDCs and even LIDCs are having an increasing presence regionally.
What is the role of Hitachi Rail in the UK?
The Hitachi Rail Europe Plant at Newton Aycliffe represents £85 million flow of FDI from Japan into the UK.
This FCI has been accompanied by many parts manufacturers which have relocated from Japan to the UK
What plant did Hitachi Rail open in the UK?
Newton Aycliffe, houses research and development and design. 700 people will be employed and it is hoped the multiplier effect will add another 6000 jobs. The British government also awarded a contract worth £5.7 billion to Hitachi to design and build the next generation of inner-city passenger express trains for the UK
Why did Hitachi decide to open a new plant in the UK?
The UK’s membership of the EU was a positive e.g. Japanese TNCs were exempt from import tariffs on cars exported to mainland Europe.
The English language is favoured for Japanese businesses
How can architecture make a contribution to places?
Through the design of individual buildings. This has been true for centuries. “An efficient planning system and a good spatial plan are essential to achieving high-quality places and good design” CABE.
How are local authorities involved in planning of place making?
Local authorities in the UK maintain their own planning departments. They develop a Local Plan for their own local areas which includes elements of place such as industrial and housing developments, transport and amenities.
This strategy is important as it sets the framework for new buildings or uses of land. The Royal Town Planning Institute guides all professional planners working in local authorities, architecture firms and property consultancies
What is the significance of architects in placemaking?
Through design, buildings and spaces, history is reflected and culture of a place is reflected.
Designs that pleases people and works well tends to be valued and cared for. However, some places become liabilities to the individual and wider community e.g. can lead to crime and vandalism
How has architecture had an impact in the history of the UK?
1950s-1980s the Uk faced a growing population and few houses after WW2 many were destroyed or badly damaged.
This housing crisis led to architects designing cheap, system-built housing. Much of it comprised tower blocks of flats which have negative images e.g. Orchard Park, Hull.
Since the 1980s many tower blocs have been demolished but not solved the issues associated with such places, concerns such as unemployment and poverty are still significant
What are planners and architects doing to develop and support the 24-hour city?
In London from September 2015, five underground lines have been operating 24 hours over the weekends.
By 2015 McDonalds had 50 shops open overnight.
In the City 250 licensed premises remain open throughout the night.
The trend is replicated in other cities e.g. Berlin, Madrid and New York
How does growth in international tourism contribute to the idea of a 24 hour city?
Places such as New Orleans and Paris promote themselves as having attractions around the clock. But it is also an increasing number of people working shifts that is propelling places to changes.
Common perceptions are of central places being deserted and dangerous at night. Rebranding is needed to change these perceptions
What are the three key features of Rebranding?
Brand artefact
Brand essence
Brandscape
What is Brand artefact
The physical environment, e.g. individual buildings the built environment etc
What is brand essence?
Peoples experience of the place
What is brand scape?
How the place positions itself in relation to other competitor places
