Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tox Final Exam > Household Products Part 1 > Flashcards

Household Products Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 sources of alcohol toxicosis.

A

ethanol and methanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the sources of ethanol toxicosis.

A

ingestion of ethanol containing beverages, fermented bread dough, rotten fruits–inhalation and dermal use of ethanol containing shampoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the sources of methanol toxicosis.

A

ingestion of methanol containing automotive windshield fluid antifreezes or paint remover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties of alcohol?

A

volatile, irritant, high lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the oral lethal dose of ethanol and methanol?

A

4-9 ml/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F Dogs and cats are the species most commonly intoxicated by alcohols.

A

FALSE–rarely intoxicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diets containing 18-60% glucose have caused ethanol toxicosis d/t yeast fermentation in the GI tract in what species?

A

calves, lambs and pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ethanol (byproduct of production for fuel) and methanol (antifreeze in oil industry) toxicosis have been reported in what species?

A

cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ADME of alcohol?

A

A=absorbed orally–food delays absorption
D=widely–including CNS
M=ethanol metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde–acetaldehyde metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate–acetate converted to acetyl CoA then to carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MOA of alcohol toxicosis?

A

ethanol/methanol cause CNS depression as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol–acetaldehyde has vasodilator action and induces V+–acetate causes metabolic acidosis–ethanol inhibits ADH–irritation of MM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Formic acid accumulation and blindness occur in humans and not dogs.

A

TRUE!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 types of alcohol toxicosis?

A

acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute alcohol toxicosis?

A

rapid onset of CNS depression–abnormal behavior such as vocalization, excitement and disorientation–V+ and abnormal breath odor–hypothermia, tremor and ataxia–congested MM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F Methanol toxicosis also causes polydipsia and dehydration.

A

FALSE–ethanol!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the cause of death in acute toxicosis?

A

respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic alcohol toxicosis?

A

liver and kidney damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Postmortem lesions seen in alcohol toxicosis?

A

congestion of GI mucosa, liver, kidney and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Laboratory diagnosis for alcohol toxicosis?

A

blood alcohol levels (>1-1.5 g/L ethanol) and hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is there a specific antidote for ethanol toxicosis? If so, what is it?

A

NOOOOOO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is there a specific antidote for methanol toxicosis? If so, what is it?

A

YES! ethanol and fomepizole can be used as antidotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How else can you treat alcohol toxicosis?

A

emetics in recent ingestion, gastric lavage, activated charcoal (not effective generally), supportive/symptomatic tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is included in the supportive/symptomatic tx of alcohol toxicosis?

A

IV injection of thiamine, sodium bicarb in lactated ringers solution, assisted ventilation, naloxone used to antagonize CNS depression, body temp should be monitored

23
Q

Uses of phenolic compounds?

A

disinfectants, antiseptics, germicides, creosote, TCP, and household cleaners–derived from coal tar

24
Q

What is the oral LD50 of phenolic compounds for most species?

A

0.5g/kg

25
Q

What species are most sensitive and why?

A

cats bc they are deficient in glucuronidation

26
Q

ADME of phenolic compounds?

A

A=from GIT, poor from intact skin (depends on concentration and surface area exposed)
M=mainly in liver–glucuronidation
E=metabolites in urine–glucuronide and sulfate conjugates

27
Q

T/F Phenolic compounds are caustic.

A

TRUE!

28
Q

T/F Phenolic compounds may cause red or brown urine.

A

FALSE–green or black!

29
Q

MOA of phenolic compound toxicosis?

A

denature and precipitate cellular proteins leading to direct irritation causing coagulative necrosis; hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and neurotoxic; stimulate resp center causing hyperventilation and resp alkalosis

30
Q

Damage to the liver, kidneys and nervous system with phenolic compound toxicosis occurs within?

A

12-24 hrs

31
Q

Clinical signs of phenolic compound toxicosis?

A

oral mucosa and skin–>coagulative necrosis, ulceration, white plaques, intense pain
ocular exposure–>corneal ulcerations
systemic–>ataxia, weakness, tremors, seizures, coma
characteristic phenolic odor of breath and skin

32
Q

T/F Phenolic compound toxicosis causes methemoglobinemia and icterus.

A

TRUE!

33
Q

Methemoglobinemia causes what color MMs?

A

muddy brown

34
Q

Lesions seen with phenolic acid toxicosis?

A

ulceration and necrosis of GI mucosa and/or skin; liver changes–>severe centrilobular hyperemia, fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver; kidney changes–>renal tubular degeneration and necrosis

35
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of phenolic compound toxicosis?

A

chem analysis–>detect in urine unchanged or metabolites; hemolysis/methemoglobin; resp alkalosis; proteinuria and hematuria; elevated serum liver enzymes

36
Q

Mix 10 mL of urine with 1 mL of 20% ferric chloride resulting in _____ color is phenols present.

A

purple

37
Q

T/F Can use emetics or gastric lavage to decontaminate phenolic compounds.

A

FALSE–will cause mucosal damage

38
Q

What can you use to decontaminate ingested phenol compounds?

A

milk, egg whites, followed by activated charcoal and saline cathartics–water is controversial

39
Q

What can you use to decontaminate skin and eyes of phenolic compounds?

A

skin–>rapidly with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or glycerol followed by mild dish soap
note: do not use oily dressings–enhances absorption
eyes–>flush 20-30 mins with isotonic, isothermal saline

40
Q

Supportive care for phenolic compound toxicosis?

A

N-acetylcysteine to limit liver/kidney damage; methylene blue, ascorbic acid if methemoglobinemia–concerns about tox in cats; fluid therapy increase renal elimination; cardiovascular, renal function and acid base status should be monitored

41
Q

What are the 3 different classifications for detergents?

A

nonionic, anionic and cationic detergents

42
Q

Rank the toxicities of the different detergents from least to most toxic.

A

nonionic- anionic - cationic

43
Q

Examples of nonionic detergents?

A

soap, shampoo, dish soap, some laundry soaps

44
Q

Examples of anionic detergents?

A

sulfonate or phosphorylated hydrocarbons; laundry detergent, dishwasher detergent, some shampoos

45
Q

Examples of cationic detergents?

A

quaternary ammonium compounds that contain a halogen–fabric softeners, liquid potpourri, germicides, sanitizers

46
Q

Uses of detergents?

A

general home cleaners, liquid potpourris, more concentrated products available to reduce packaging

47
Q

Source of detergent toxicosis?

A

accidental ingestion or dermal exposure

48
Q

MOA of detergents?

A

corrosive–direct irritation of akin and MM
quaternary ammonium compounds may be corrosive and may cause systemic toxicity–unclear mechanism perhaps neuromuscular block (paralysis)

49
Q

Clinical signs of detergent toxicosis?

A

ingestion causes nausea, V+, D+ and colic. generally not fatal w/ non-ionic or anionic. quaternary ammonium compounds–>severe GI signs, dehydration, shock and collapse, also systemic signs similar to insecticides. dermal exposure may cause irritation–most severe w/ cationic

50
Q

Treatment for nonionic detergent toxicosis?

A

rinse w/ copious water

51
Q

Treatment for anionic detergent toxicosis?

A

water/milk for ingestion, activated charcoal if large quantities, bathing for dermal exposure, supportive care

52
Q

Treatment for cationic detergent toxicosis?

A

water/milk/egg whites or activated charcoal to dilute and neutralize the alkaline; wash skin w/ soap and water

53
Q

T/F Emesis and gastric lavage are generally contraindicated in cationic detergent toxicosis.

A

TRUE!

Tox Final Exam (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions