Host Reponses to Viral Infections

Question 1

CPE

Answer 1

x

Question 2

Syncytia

Answer 2

Cell fusion

Question 3

Apoptosis

Answer 3

Programmed cell death

Question 4

Interferon Response

Answer 4

Infectino of cells lead to production of these proteins. Cells response to IFNs through receptors , through the jak/state pathways, which induces the antiviral state

Question 5

Anti-Viral State

Answer 5

Alters transcription of >100 cellular genes
Temporary bloacked of cell prolife3ration, reduces cellular metabolism, potentiates NK cell activity, increase production of Antigen presenting molecules, may lead to apoptosis

Question 6

Innate anti-viral response

Answer 6

Immediate and non specific
Natural barriers, cells and soluble factors
Primes and initiates adaptive immunity
Includes TLR and RIG-1-Like Helicases which detect viral genetic data

Question 7

Adaptive anti-viral response

Answer 7

Acquired over time and specific

Question 8

Antibodies in Primary response

Answer 8

Lower affinity and normally IgM

Question 9

Antibodies in Secondary Response

Answer 9

Higher affinity and normally IgG

Question 10

Efficacy of antibody immunity in the anti-viral response

Answer 10

It honestly isn’t that great because most virus are intracellular and hide from the humoral response system as they’re within cells

Question 11

Efficacy of Cell mediated immunity in the anti-viral response

Answer 11

The more effective approach, mediated by t-lymphocytes, as they are able to induce apoptosis in cells infected with viruses.

Question 12

Explain means of viral evasion/manipulation of host defenses by variuos viruses

Answer 12

Antigenic variation, imune tolerance, restricted expression, down regulation of host molecules, infecting immunoprivileged sites, direct infection of the immune system, inhibition of apoptosis

Question 13

Pyknosis

Answer 13

Nuclear Shrinking