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DD Test 3 > Common Viral Pathogens I > Flashcards

Common Viral Pathogens I Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes Simplex Type I (HSV1)

Type

A

dsDNA

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2
Q

Herpes Simplex Type II (HSV2)

Type

A

dsDNA

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3
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Type

A

dsDNA

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4
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Type

A

dsDNA

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5
Q

HSV1

Cells targeted for primary infection and latency

A

Primary- mucosal epithelium

Latency- Neuron

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6
Q

HSV2

Cells targeted

A

Primary- mucosal epithelium

Latency- Neuron

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7
Q

VZV

Cells Targeted

A

Primary- mucosal epithelium

Latency- Neuron

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8
Q

CMV

Cells targetted

A

Primary- Epithelia, monocytes and lymphocytes

Latency- Monocytes and lymphocytes

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9
Q

HSV1

Transmission and incubation period

A

Close contact, 2-12 days

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10
Q

HSV2

Transmission and incubation

A

Close contact usually sexually, 2-12 days

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11
Q

CMV

Transmission and incubation

A

Contact, blood transfusion, transplantation, congenital, 2 weeks to 2 months

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12
Q

VZV

Transmission and incubation

A

Contact or respiratory (droplet), 10-21 days

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13
Q

HSV1

Disease entity and clinical presentation

A

Orofacial (And some) genital lesions
Encephalitis
Herpes whitlow and keratitis
Neonatal herpes

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14
Q

HSV2

Disease Entitity and clinical presentation

A

Same as HSV1, but predominately genital lesions with some orofacial lesions

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15
Q

CMV

Disease Entity and clinical presentation

A

Infectious mononucleosis-like,
In immunocompromised- retinitis, penumonia, colitis
Congential CMV in newborns

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16
Q

VZV

Disease entity and clinical presentation

A

Chickenpox for varicella and shingles for zoster

Shingles is super painful and confined to infected dermatomes

17
Q

HSV1

DIagnosis

A

Clinically, viral culture, direct fluorescent Ab staining og lesions, PCR of lesions

18
Q

HSV2

Diagnosis

A

Clinically, viral culture, direct fluorescent Ab staining og lesions, PCR of lesions

19
Q

VZV

Diagnosis

A

Both clinically

but also
Fluorescent antibody, PCR and Culutre

20
Q

CMV

Diagnosis

A

Culture, PCR, antibody stain, serology, histology

21
Q

HSV1

Treatment

A

Nucleoside analog (acyclovir)

22
Q

HSV2

Treatment

A

Nucleoside analog (acyclovir)

23
Q

VZV

Treatment

A

Acyclovir to shorten course of chickenpox

24
Q

CMV

Treatment

A

No indicated treatment, but ganciclovir for immunocompormised patients

25
Q

HSV1

Prophylaxis including vaccines

A

Oral antiviral suppressive therapy

26
Q

HSV2

Prophylaxis including vaccines

A

Oral antiviral suppressive therapy

27
Q

VZV

Prophylaxis including vaccines

A

Live attenuated VZV vaccine for chicken pox

Shingles vaccine for 50 years and older

28
Q

CMV

Prophylaxis including vaccines

A

No vaccine, but CMV-IG can be given to immunocompromised patients for high risk patients

29
Q

Describe the virion structure and replication cycle of herpesvirus

A

Icosahedral capsid, surroudnmed by a glycoprotein rich envelope

Entry- envelope fusion mediated by targeted receptors
Replication- Immediate-early (IE) genes encode for transcription activators, E proteins code for proteins involved in DNA replication, L genes are viral structures
Assembly- In the nucleus, self assembly, budding through the nucleus and getting their glycoprotein from the golgi
Exit/Egress- lysis or exocytosis

30
Q

Complicaytions of chickenpox

A

Secondary infection/cellulitis, pneumonia, necrotizing faciitis, encephalitis, hepatitis and congenital VZV

31
Q

Who we do and do not give the varicella and shingles vaccine to

A

Contraindicated in immunocompromised patients

32
Q

What is the importance of T cell mediated immunity to the VZV infection

A

Its what essentially prevents shingles in people, as is why we see singles happen often in older people

33
Q

Explain the consequences of maternal herpesvirus infection during pregnancy including the risk of the infant developing neonatal HSV, or congenital VZV and CMV syndromes

A

Neonatal HSV- mostly caused by HSV2, high morbidity and mortality. 3 forms, SEM, CNS, or disseminated
Congenital VZV- first 8-20 weeks of pregnancy, with fetus exhibiting multiple tissue/organ abnormalities
Congenital CMV- more often in primary infection, 3-5% chance baby will be born with CMV (leads to complications such as low BW, microcephaly, hearing loss, mental impairment)

34
Q

Know and be able to recognize how CMV can be diagnosed histologically in infected tissues

A

Owl’s eye appearance , a dense dark nuclear body surrounded by a halo, representing intranuclear unclusions

35
Q

How do you interpret serology (IgM and IgG tests) in the diagnosis of CMV

A

+igm - igg, acute CMV
-igm -igg, no infection
-igm +igg, previous infection in life
+igm +igg, reactivation of CMV recently

36
Q

Herpes Whitlow

A

Infection of the fingers through oral or GU contact, can lead to painful pustules

37
Q

Herpes Keratitis

A

HSV infects cornea of the eye, from primary infection or reactivation, leading to dendritic scarring that can result in blinding

DD Test 3 (5 decks)

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