Host-Parasite Relationships

Question 1

Causes changes in the molecular, biology, biochemistry, immunology, and structure of parastises.

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

What are the most noticeable adaptations of parasites?

Answer 2

Locomotory and digestive organ

Question 3

Protozoan belonging to the Phylum ____ have no locomotory organelles, and they are parasitic.

Answer 3

Apicomplexa

Question 4

They have cilia on their epidermis.

Answer 4

Free-living flatworms

Question 5

T or F
Trematodes and cestodes have cilia.

Answer 5

False. They don’t have any

Question 6

How do cestodes and trematodes absorb nutrients?

Answer 6

Through the teguments produced with microvilli

Question 7

What are the specialized organs for attachment of flatworms?

Answer 7

Hooks and sucker

Question 8

T or F
The size and shape of parasites are also contributing to their adhesion.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How does ADULT Ascaris maintain its position inside the intestinal wall?

Answer 9

By constant movement.

Question 10

In ___ the tegument is covered with spines to avoid abrasion.

Answer 10

Intestinal flukes

Question 11

Survival stage of protozoan parasites?

Answer 11

Cysts

Question 12

What material protects the ova, larvae, and cysts of parasites during its free-living stage?

Answer 12

Special covering

Question 13

These species of parasites contain a complete set of male and female organ capable of producing thousands of ova.

Answer 13

Hermaphroditic

Question 14

T or F
All tapeworms and flukes with exception of Schistosoma spp. are hermaphroditic.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F flukes undergo asexual reproduction in the definitive host to increase progeny.

Answer 15

False- intermediate host

Question 16

Changes include certain metabolic pathways common to free-living organisms is an example of what adaptation?

Answer 16

Biochemical adaptation

Question 17

This process is the inability of the parasite to synthesize cellular components.

Answer 17

Streamlining

Question 18

Streamlining is exemplefied by ____.

Answer 18

Hemoflagellates
Helminth parasites

Question 19

How do the tropozoites of Entamoeba histolytica penetrate the host.

Answer 19

Through the secretion of cysteine proteinases (enzyme)

Question 20

No enzyme was found in what parasite?

Answer 20

Entamoeba coli

Question 21

The cercariae of Schistosoma contains ___ that produced enzyme to digest the skin in order for them to enter

Answer 21

Penetration gland

Question 22

What are the mechanisms of parasites that cause injury to host.

Answer 22

• Interference with the vital processes of host through parasitic enzymes.
• invasion and destruction of host tissues.
• deprivation of the host of essential nutrients and substances.

Question 23

____ elaborated by many parasites allow them to metabolize nutrients obtained and store these energy production.

Answer 23

Secretory and excretory products.

Question 24

This parasites secrete cysteine proteinases.

Answer 24

E. histolytica

Question 25

These enzymes of E. histolytica not only digest cells but also degrade epithelial basement.

Answer 25

Cysteine proteinases

Question 26

Examples of parasites that have invasion and destruction mechanisms.

Answer 26

- Plasmodium - Schistosoma japonicum - Ascaris - Hookworm

Question 27

It invades the RBC and cause hemolysis.

Answer 27

Plasmodium

Question 28

Schistosoma japonicum deposits eggs in the liver. This can cause granuluma formation and then fibrosis, which leads to ____.

Answer 28

- Hypertension - Massive hemorrhage in venules

Question 29

Hookworms have ___ , which can attach to intestinal mucosa and destroy villi.

Answer 29

Cutting plates

Question 30

They tangled masses that can lead to intestinal obatruction.

Answer 30

Large no. of worm (Ascaris)

Question 31

A parasite in the intestine that can possibly invade other organs such as appedix and bile ducts.

Answer 31

Ascaris worm

Question 32

This can cause massive interstinal bleeding.

Answer 32

Heavy Hookworms

Question 33

Heavy hookworms can cause ___. A. Intestinal bleeding B. Chronic blood loss C. Iron deficiency anemia D. Hemophilia

Answer 33

A, B, C

Question 34

This parasite competes with the host for the available supply of Vitamin B12.

Answer 34

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 35

This parasite can cause megaloblastic anemia.

Answer 35

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 36

What are the effects of the host on parasites?

Answer 36

- Genetic make-up of the host - nutrional status of the host - immune processes

Question 37

Most virulent type of malarian parasite.

Answer 37

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 38

T or F Possession of sickle-cell trait can be served as immunity against malaria.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What blood factor increases the susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax.

Answer 39

Duffy

Question 40

A diet rich in protein is not suitable for the development of ____.

Answer 40

Intestinal protozoans.

Question 41

Low protein diet favors in ____.

Answer 41

The appearance of symptoms of amebiasis and complications of disease.

Question 42

This diet favors the development of tapeworms.

Answer 42

High carbohydrate diet

Question 43

T or F Absolute immunity to reinfection occurs rarely following Helminth infection and never happens in protozoan infections to human.

Answer 43

False- rarely in protozoan and never in Helminths

Question 44

This immunity is important in modifying the severity of the disease in endemic areas.

Answer 44

Acquired immunity.