Host-Parasite Relationships Flashcards
Causes changes in the molecular, biology, biochemistry, immunology, and structure of parastises.
Adaptation
What are the most noticeable adaptations of parasites?
Locomotory and digestive organ
Protozoan belonging to the Phylum ____ have no locomotory organelles, and they are parasitic.
Apicomplexa
They have cilia on their epidermis.
Free-living flatworms
T or F
Trematodes and cestodes have cilia.
False. They don’t have any
How do cestodes and trematodes absorb nutrients?
Through the teguments produced with microvilli
What are the specialized organs for attachment of flatworms?
Hooks and sucker
T or F
The size and shape of parasites are also contributing to their adhesion.
True
How does ADULT Ascaris maintain its position inside the intestinal wall?
By constant movement.
In ___ the tegument is covered with spines to avoid abrasion.
Intestinal flukes
Survival stage of protozoan parasites?
Cysts
What material protects the ova, larvae, and cysts of parasites during its free-living stage?
Special covering
These species of parasites contain a complete set of male and female organ capable of producing thousands of ova.
Hermaphroditic
T or F
All tapeworms and flukes with exception of Schistosoma spp. are hermaphroditic.
True
T or F flukes undergo asexual reproduction in the definitive host to increase progeny.
False- intermediate host
Changes include certain metabolic pathways common to free-living organisms is an example of what adaptation?
Biochemical adaptation
This process is the inability of the parasite to synthesize cellular components.
Streamlining
Streamlining is exemplefied by ____.
Hemoflagellates
Helminth parasites
How do the tropozoites of Entamoeba histolytica penetrate the host.
Through the secretion of cysteine proteinases (enzyme)
No enzyme was found in what parasite?
Entamoeba coli
The cercariae of Schistosoma contains ___ that produced enzyme to digest the skin in order for them to enter
Penetration gland
What are the mechanisms of parasites that cause injury to host.
- Interference with the vital processes of host through parasitic enzymes.
- invasion and destruction of host tissues.
- deprivation of the host of essential nutrients and substances.
____ elaborated by many parasites allow them to metabolize nutrients obtained and store these energy production.
Secretory and excretory products.
This parasites secrete cysteine proteinases.
E. histolytica
These enzymes of E. histolytica not only digest cells but also degrade epithelial basement.
Cysteine proteinases
Examples of parasites that have invasion and destruction mechanisms.
- Plasmodium
- Schistosoma japonicum
- Ascaris
- Hookworm
It invades the RBC and cause hemolysis.
Plasmodium
Schistosoma japonicum deposits eggs in the liver. This can cause granuluma formation and then fibrosis, which leads to ____.
- Hypertension
- Massive hemorrhage in venules
Hookworms have ___ , which can attach to intestinal mucosa and destroy villi.
Cutting plates
They tangled masses that can lead to intestinal obatruction.
Large no. of worm (Ascaris)
A parasite in the intestine that can possibly invade other organs such as appedix and bile ducts.
Ascaris worm
This can cause massive interstinal bleeding.
Heavy Hookworms
Heavy hookworms can cause ___.
A. Intestinal bleeding
B. Chronic blood loss
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Hemophilia
A, B, C
This parasite competes with the host for the available supply of Vitamin B12.
Diphyllobothrium latum
This parasite can cause megaloblastic anemia.
Diphyllobothrium latum
What are the effects of the host on parasites?
- Genetic make-up of the host
- nutrional status of the host
- immune processes
Most virulent type of malarian parasite.
Plasmodium falciparum
T or F
Possession of sickle-cell trait can be served as immunity against malaria.
True
What blood factor increases the susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax.
Duffy
A diet rich in protein is not suitable for the development of ____.
Intestinal protozoans.
Low protein diet favors in ____.
The appearance of symptoms of amebiasis and complications of disease.
This diet favors the development of tapeworms.
High carbohydrate diet
T or F
Absolute immunity to reinfection occurs rarely following Helminth infection and never happens in protozoan infections to human.
False- rarely in protozoan and never in Helminths
This immunity is important in modifying the severity of the disease in endemic areas.
Acquired immunity.
