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Lindsey's D&D Unit 3 > Host-Microbe Interactions > Flashcards

Host-Microbe Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Tb is an infection of a facultative _____ bacterium.

A

intracellular

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2
Q

What is active entry?

A

invading the host

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3
Q

What is the entry stage?

A

the 2nd step of infection; how the agent enters the host

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3
Q

What is the damage stage?

A

the 5th stage of infection; how is damage caused by the agent; virulence factors

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3
Q

_____ is a toxin-mediated disease; it lives intracellularly.

A

Cholera

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4
Q

What factors affect the microbiome, causing it to vary among individuals?

A
  1. diet 2. antibiotics 3. anatomic abnormalities (blind loop syndrome) 4. genetics
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5
Q

What is an important mechanism of microbial colonization?

A

adherence

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5
Q

What is the multiplication stage?

A

the 4th phase of infection; how the agent multiplies in the host; growth rates must exceed clearance

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6
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

disease caused by an infection with a microbe

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7
Q

Microbes that can cause disease in normal hosts are ____.

A

frank pathogens

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7
Q

Why is the microbiome important?

A
  1. organ/tissue differentiation 2. production of vitamins 3. biochemical conversions 4. competes with pathogens for colonization of body surfaces
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7
Q

______ causes acute inflammation and lives extracellularly.

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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8
Q

Cholera is a _____-mediated disease; it lives _____.

A

toxin; intracellularly

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9
Q

Normal body flora are found in the ____, _____, ____, and _____.

A

skin, oropharynx, large intestine, vagina

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9
Q

_______’s pathology is mediated by an immune response.

A

Rheumatic fever

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11
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

ability to cause disease or host damage

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11
Q

What are the resident microbes of the skin?

A
  1. staph 2. corynebacteria 3. enteric bacilli
14
Q

_______ is an important first step in the pathogenesis of many microbial infections.

A

Colonization of body surfaces

16
Q

Microbes that cause disease in immunocompromised hosts but not usually normal hosts are _____.

A

opportunistic pathogens

18
Q

What is infection?

A

the process of a microbe entering into a relationship with the host; may or may not cause a disease

18
Q

______ is an infection of a facultative intracellular bacterium.

A

Tb

19
Q

What is the outcome stage?

A

the 6th and final stage of infection; who wins the battle? do they coexist? consequences?

20
Q

____ and ____ contribute to the outcome of an infectious disease.

A

Microbial and host

22
Q

What is the encounter stage?

A

the first step of infection; how the agent meets the host; dose, route, endogenous or exogenous

24
Q

What is the spread stage?

A

the 3rd step in infection; how the agent spreads from the site of entry

25
Q

What are the resident microbes of the vagina?

A
  1. Strep 2. Lactobacilli 3. enteric bacilli (clostridia, pseudomonas) 4. mycoplasma
26
Q

What is adherence?

A

binding of microbial surface components to host receptors

27
Q

Name an agent that inhibits the spread of microbes thru tissues.

A

coagulase

28
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia causes acute inflammation and lives _____.

A

extracellularly

29
Q

What are the resident microbes of the oropharynx?

A
  1. Micro. strep 2. Lactobacilli 3. enteric bacilli (clostridia, pseudomonas)
31
Q

What is virulence?

A

the degree of pathogenicity; capacity to cause damage

32
Q

What are the resident microbes of the oropharynx?

A
  1. alpha-hemolytic strep 2. corynebacteria 3. Neisseria 4. H. bacteroides 5. Mycoplama 6. spirochetes
33
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates? (4)

A
  1. specific microbes present in specific diseases 2. microbes can be isolated and grown in vitro 3. injections of microbes into animals reproduces disease 4. same specific microbes can be re-isolated from new lesions
34
Q

Rheumatic fever’s pathology is mediated by _____.

A

an immune response

35
Q

What is passive entry?

A

via injection, bites, transfusion, organ transplants, etc

36
Q

Name 3 factors that enhance the spread of microbes thru tissues.

A
  1. hyaluronidase 2. elastase 3. collagenase
37
Q

What are the 6 stages of infection?

A
  1. encounter 2. entry 3. spread 4. multiplication 5. damage 6. outcome
38
Q

What does exogenous mean?

A

from the environment

39
Q

What is coagulase and how does it work?

A

an agent that inhibits microbe spreading thru tissues; promotes fibrin deposition to wall off and localize infections

40
Q

What does endogenous mean?

A

from within (the normal flora)

Lindsey's D&D Unit 3 (12 decks)

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