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Year 1 AHW > Horse Husbandry > Flashcards

Horse Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses of horses in the uk?

A

Racing- flat and jump, competition- eventing/dressage/show jumping, Driving, Leisure, Conservation, Working- police

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2
Q

What laws applies to horse keeping in the uk?

A

Animal welfare act 2006, Farriers registration act, Riding establishments act

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3
Q

Who other then registered farriers are allowed to conduct farriery?

A

Vets, supervised apprentices, emergencies

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4
Q

What is the fine for no passport?

A

up to £5000

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5
Q

What must a horse have a valid passport for?

A

Movement, vet treatment, slaughter, sale

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6
Q

When was the passport scheme introduced?

A

July 2009

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7
Q

As of 2020 what must all horses now have?

A

A microchip

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8
Q

What are the different breed types?

A

Hot blooded- thoroughbreds/Arabs
Heavy/draught- shire
Warmblood/sports- Oldenburg
Ponies- Shetland

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9
Q

What is the normal size and weight of a thoroughbred horse?

A

15-17h 400-650kg

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10
Q

What is the normal size and weight of an Arab horse?

A

14-16h 350-550kg

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11
Q

What is the normal range of size and weight in heavy /draught horses?

A

16-19h 650-1100kg

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12
Q

What is an example of a heavy/draught horse breed?

A

Shire horse

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13
Q

What is the normal range of weight and size of a warmblood/sports horse?

A

14.2-17.2h, 400-650kg

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14
Q

What is the normal range of size and weight of a pony?

A

under 14.2h 200-550kg

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15
Q

How can a horse be aged other then a passport?

A

Apprearence, time of year-seasonality, teeth

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16
Q

Why is height of horses important?

A

Correct description in passport, class eligibility, breed standards

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17
Q

How are horses measured?

A

Level ground, foot trimmed, 4 years +, stick with spirit level, metal foot by an official body

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18
Q

What is the colour of a bay horse?

A

Brown with black tails/manes

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19
Q

What is the colour of a Dunn horse?

A

Light brown with black mane/tails

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20
Q

What does a grey horse look like?

A

Black skin, white hair

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21
Q

What colour is a black horse?

A

Uniform black

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22
Q

What colour is a palomino horse?

A

Chestnut with white mane and tail

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23
Q

What colour is a chestnut?

A

No black points

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24
Q

What is a coloured horse?

A

Brown/black and white patches

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25
Q

What are the different type of face markings?

A

Star, feint, stripe, blaze, snip, white face

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26
Q

What are the different limb and foot markings?

A

Stocking- Below hock
Sock- above hock below ‘knee’
White leg- Above carpus
Ermine marks- marks above hoof

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27
Q

What are the different types of body markings?

A

Hair whorls, feathering patterns

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28
Q

How are body markings marked on a passport?

A

Whorls with cross

Feathering with line

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29
Q

What is the minimum amount of space needed for a grass kept horse?

A

1 acre per horse

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30
Q

What are common problems with grass kept horse?

A

Obesity, laminitis as bad regulation of diet

31
Q

Why do people house horse?

A

To control exercise/food
Protect from wet pastures/heat/flies/cold
Monitor

32
Q

What does housing legally require?

A

Space- stand full height, lie down and turn

33
Q

What are some housing considerations?

A

Light- influences seasonality
Ventilation
Humidity- 50-70%
Temperature- 5-25

34
Q

How can you tell is a horse has been excessively and struggling to breathe?

A

A heath line down the side

35
Q

What are the different housing options?

A

Traditional lose box American barn-loose box in barn
Tether stalls
Open barns

36
Q

What are the sizes needed for horse housing?

A 
Horse- 12x12ft
Large horse- 12x14ft
Pony- 10x10ft
Large pony- 10x12ft
Foaling box- 14x14ft
37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of straw for horses?

A

Adv- comfortable, absorbent, easy disposal, cheap, edible

Dis- can cause colic, potentially allergenic

38
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wood shavings?

A

Adv- comfortable, very absorbent, less allergenic

Dis- expensive, difficult disposal, accidental ingestion

39
Q

What are the different bedding systems?

A

Mucked out- once or twice daily, faeces/urine removed, fresh bedding added
Deep litter- faeces removed daily, fresh added
Pattern

40
Q

What are the routine healthcares?

A

Worming- egg counts for targeted

Vaccinations

41
Q

What vaccinations are given to all and certain horses?

A

Equine influenza, Tetanus
Equine herpes- competition/pregnant
Equine viral arteritis- breeding stallions

42
Q

What hoof care is needed?

A

Hoof picking- daily, before and after excercise

Trimming and shoeing- 6-8 weeks

43
Q

What tack is needed minimum?

A

Headcollar, bridle, bits, saddles, martingales, over reach boots, stable bandages, tail bandages

44
Q

What is the maximum daily dry matter intake of a horse?

A

3-3.2%BW

45
Q

What should the daily dry matter be no lower then?

A

1% bw

46
Q

What % of diet should be forage for maintenance?

A

80-100%

47
Q

What % of diet should forage be with light moderate and intensive work?

A

light- 80-90%
moderate- 50-80%
intensive- 30-50%

48
Q

What % of diet should forage be during late gestation and lactation?

A

late gestation- 50-60%

lactation- 40-60%

49
Q

Why is physically abrasive fibre needed?

A

Dental abrasion and hindgut health

50
Q

What us needed for grass management?

A

Poo picking, toxic plants, over grazing, poaching

51
Q

What mix of fresh forage can provide maintenance?

A

Grass/legumes

52
Q

What can be given as conserved forage?

A

Hay- dried grass
Haylage- naturally fermented grass
Straw

53
Q

How can straw be used in a diet?

A

To bulk out feed for dieting horse

54
Q

What are the two types of concentrate diets?

A

Straights or compounded

55
Q

Why are concentrates needed?

A

To meet energy shortfall

56
Q

What is the normal Ca:P ratio in adult and growing horses?

A

Adult- 1:1

Growing- 2:1

57
Q

What is a common problem of concentrates?

A

Rapid release of glucose causing hotting up

58
Q

What are the common cereals?

A

Oats, Barley, Corn, Bran

59
Q

What are used for protein supplements?

A

Linseed, soya bean meal cake

60
Q

What are additional sources of fibre?

A

Sugar beet- pulp, cubes, flakes requires soaking

61
Q

What are the three types of commercial feed?

A

Complete
Concentrate- compliments
Balancer

62
Q

How can feed be presented?

A

Hay nets- leg caught
Racks- dust in eyes
Mangers- vermin
Floor- natural/wasteful

63
Q

How is ration formulated?

A

Body weight, appetite- voluntary or managed, phyisiololgy/age- growing

64
Q

How much energy above maintenance should light, moderate and intensive work be given?

A

Light- M + 25%
Moderate- M + 50%
Intense- M + 100%

65
Q

How much energy above maintenance should be given during breeding?

A

Late gestation- M + 20%
Early lactation- M + 50%
Late lactation- M + 25%
Stallion breeding- M +25%

66
Q

What is the DLWG for a growing foal?

A

Weanling- 0.85kg
Yearling- 0.65-0.85kg
2 years old- 0.2kg

67
Q

What % of diet should crude protein take up for light, moderate and intensive work?

A

Light- 7.5-8.5%
Moderate- 7.5-8.5%
Intensive- 8.5-10%

68
Q

What % of diet should crude protein take up during early/late gestation/lactation?

A

Early gestation- 8.5-10%
Late gestation- 11-13%
Early lactation- 14%
Late lactation- 12%

69
Q

What % of diet should crude protein take up of weaned foal, yearling, 2 year old, 3 year old?

A

Weaned- 14.5-15%
Yearling- 12-14%
2 year old- 10-12%
3 year old- 8.5-10%

70
Q

What does the BCS for horse range from?

A

1-10

71
Q

What does BCS 1 look like in a horse?

A

Sunken rump, Visible ribs, Prominent vertebrae

72
Q

What does BCS 3 look like?

A

Rounded rump, ribs covered but palpable, Firm neck and back

73
Q

What does BCS 5 look like?

A

Obese- Bulging numb, ribs buried, marked neck crest, fat folds

Year 1 AHW (9 decks)

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