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Year 1 AHW > Horse Husbandry > Flashcards

Horse Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses of horses in the uk?

A

Racing- flat and jump, competition- eventing/dressage/show jumping, Driving, Leisure, Conservation, Working- police

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2
Q

What laws applies to horse keeping in the uk?

A

Animal welfare act 2006, Farriers registration act, Riding establishments act

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3
Q

Who other then registered farriers are allowed to conduct farriery?

A

Vets, supervised apprentices, emergencies

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4
Q

What is the fine for no passport?

A

up to £5000

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5
Q

What must a horse have a valid passport for?

A

Movement, vet treatment, slaughter, sale

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6
Q

When was the passport scheme introduced?

A

July 2009

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7
Q

As of 2020 what must all horses now have?

A

A microchip

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8
Q

What are the different breed types?

A

Hot blooded- thoroughbreds/Arabs
Heavy/draught- shire
Warmblood/sports- Oldenburg
Ponies- Shetland

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9
Q

What is the normal size and weight of a thoroughbred horse?

A

15-17h 400-650kg

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10
Q

What is the normal size and weight of an Arab horse?

A

14-16h 350-550kg

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11
Q

What is the normal range of size and weight in heavy /draught horses?

A

16-19h 650-1100kg

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12
Q

What is an example of a heavy/draught horse breed?

A

Shire horse

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13
Q

What is the normal range of weight and size of a warmblood/sports horse?

A

14.2-17.2h, 400-650kg

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14
Q

What is the normal range of size and weight of a pony?

A

under 14.2h 200-550kg

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15
Q

How can a horse be aged other then a passport?

A

Apprearence, time of year-seasonality, teeth

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16
Q

Why is height of horses important?

A

Correct description in passport, class eligibility, breed standards

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17
Q

How are horses measured?

A

Level ground, foot trimmed, 4 years +, stick with spirit level, metal foot by an official body

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18
Q

What is the colour of a bay horse?

A

Brown with black tails/manes

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19
Q

What is the colour of a Dunn horse?

A

Light brown with black mane/tails

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20
Q

What does a grey horse look like?

A

Black skin, white hair

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21
Q

What colour is a black horse?

A

Uniform black

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22
Q

What colour is a palomino horse?

A

Chestnut with white mane and tail

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23
Q

What colour is a chestnut?

A

No black points

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24
Q

What is a coloured horse?

A

Brown/black and white patches

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25
What are the different type of face markings?
Star, feint, stripe, blaze, snip, white face
26
What are the different limb and foot markings?
Stocking- Below hock Sock- above hock below 'knee' White leg- Above carpus Ermine marks- marks above hoof
27
What are the different types of body markings?
Hair whorls, feathering patterns
28
How are body markings marked on a passport?
Whorls with cross | Feathering with line
29
What is the minimum amount of space needed for a grass kept horse?
1 acre per horse
30
What are common problems with grass kept horse?
Obesity, laminitis as bad regulation of diet
31
Why do people house horse?
To control exercise/food Protect from wet pastures/heat/flies/cold Monitor
32
What does housing legally require?
Space- stand full height, lie down and turn
33
What are some housing considerations?
Light- influences seasonality Ventilation Humidity- 50-70% Temperature- 5-25
34
How can you tell is a horse has been excessively and struggling to breathe?
A heath line down the side
35
What are the different housing options?
Traditional lose box American barn-loose box in barn Tether stalls Open barns
36
What are the sizes needed for horse housing?
``` Horse- 12x12ft Large horse- 12x14ft Pony- 10x10ft Large pony- 10x12ft Foaling box- 14x14ft ```
37
What are the advantages and disadvantages of straw for horses?
Adv- comfortable, absorbent, easy disposal, cheap, edible | Dis- can cause colic, potentially allergenic
38
What are the advantages and disadvantages of wood shavings?
Adv- comfortable, very absorbent, less allergenic | Dis- expensive, difficult disposal, accidental ingestion
39
What are the different bedding systems?
Mucked out- once or twice daily, faeces/urine removed, fresh bedding added Deep litter- faeces removed daily, fresh added Pattern
40
What are the routine healthcares?
Worming- egg counts for targeted | Vaccinations
41
What vaccinations are given to all and certain horses?
Equine influenza, Tetanus Equine herpes- competition/pregnant Equine viral arteritis- breeding stallions
42
What hoof care is needed?
Hoof picking- daily, before and after excercise | Trimming and shoeing- 6-8 weeks
43
What tack is needed minimum?
Headcollar, bridle, bits, saddles, martingales, over reach boots, stable bandages, tail bandages
44
What is the maximum daily dry matter intake of a horse?
3-3.2%BW
45
What should the daily dry matter be no lower then?
1% bw
46
What % of diet should be forage for maintenance?
80-100%
47
What % of diet should forage be with light moderate and intensive work?
light- 80-90% moderate- 50-80% intensive- 30-50%
48
What % of diet should forage be during late gestation and lactation?
late gestation- 50-60% | lactation- 40-60%
49
Why is physically abrasive fibre needed?
Dental abrasion and hindgut health
50
What us needed for grass management?
Poo picking, toxic plants, over grazing, poaching
51
What mix of fresh forage can provide maintenance?
Grass/legumes
52
What can be given as conserved forage?
Hay- dried grass Haylage- naturally fermented grass Straw
53
How can straw be used in a diet?
To bulk out feed for dieting horse
54
What are the two types of concentrate diets?
Straights or compounded
55
Why are concentrates needed?
To meet energy shortfall
56
What is the normal Ca:P ratio in adult and growing horses?
Adult- 1:1 | Growing- 2:1
57
What is a common problem of concentrates?
Rapid release of glucose causing hotting up
58
What are the common cereals?
Oats, Barley, Corn, Bran
59
What are used for protein supplements?
Linseed, soya bean meal cake
60
What are additional sources of fibre?
Sugar beet- pulp, cubes, flakes requires soaking
61
What are the three types of commercial feed?
Complete Concentrate- compliments Balancer
62
How can feed be presented?
Hay nets- leg caught Racks- dust in eyes Mangers- vermin Floor- natural/wasteful
63
How is ration formulated?
Body weight, appetite- voluntary or managed, phyisiololgy/age- growing
64
How much energy above maintenance should light, moderate and intensive work be given?
Light- M + 25% Moderate- M + 50% Intense- M + 100%
65
How much energy above maintenance should be given during breeding?
Late gestation- M + 20% Early lactation- M + 50% Late lactation- M + 25% Stallion breeding- M +25%
66
What is the DLWG for a growing foal?
Weanling- 0.85kg Yearling- 0.65-0.85kg 2 years old- 0.2kg
67
What % of diet should crude protein take up for light, moderate and intensive work?
Light- 7.5-8.5% Moderate- 7.5-8.5% Intensive- 8.5-10%
68
What % of diet should crude protein take up during early/late gestation/lactation?
Early gestation- 8.5-10% Late gestation- 11-13% Early lactation- 14% Late lactation- 12%
69
What % of diet should crude protein take up of weaned foal, yearling, 2 year old, 3 year old?
Weaned- 14.5-15% Yearling- 12-14% 2 year old- 10-12% 3 year old- 8.5-10%
70
What does the BCS for horse range from?
1-10
71
What does BCS 1 look like in a horse?
Sunken rump, Visible ribs, Prominent vertebrae
72
What does BCS 3 look like?
Rounded rump, ribs covered but palpable, Firm neck and back
73
What does BCS 5 look like?
Obese- Bulging numb, ribs buried, marked neck crest, fat folds

Year 1 AHW (9 decks)

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