hormones year 12

Question 1

what are the anterior lobes (pituitary gland) 6 hormones?

Answer 1

Lutenising hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone
Prolactin

Question 2

what are the 2 hormones of the posterior lobe?

Answer 2

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

what is the hormone for the thyroid gland and what does it do?

Answer 3

thyroxine
targets most cells
increased metabolic rate and therefore oxygen consumption and heat production

Question 4

what is the hormone for the parathyroid sand what do they do?

Answer 4

the parathyroid hormone (PTH)
targets the bones and kidneys
increases the level of calcium in the blood

Question 5

what is the hormone for the thymus gland and what does it do?

Answer 5

thymosin
targets the T lymphocytes
stimulates the development and maturation of T lynphocytes

Question 6

what are the two hormones of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 6

• aldosterone

- cortisol

Question 7

what does aldosterone target and do?

Answer 7

targets the kidney

-increases reabsorption of sodium ions and excretion of potassium ions

Question 8

what does cortisol target and how does it affect the body?

Answer 8

targets most cells

-promotes normal metabolism, helps the body deal with stress, promotes repair of damaged tissues

Question 9

what is the hormone of the adrenal medulla and what does it do?

Answer 9

adrenaline and noradrenaline
-targets most tissues
-preps the body for fight or flight response
reinforces effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

what are the two hormones secreted from the pancreas?

Answer 10

• insulin

- glucagon

Question 11

whag does insulin target and what does it do?

Answer 11

targets most cells

-stimulates uptake of glucose and lowers blood glucose level

Question 12

what does glucagon target and what does it do?

Answer 12

targets liver and fat storage tissues

-stimulates breakdown of glycogen and fat, increases blood glucose level

Question 13

what hormone is secreted from the testes and how does it affect the body?

Answer 13

targets many tissues

• stimulates sperm production
• growth of skeleton and muscles
• make sex characteristics

Question 14

what are the two hormones of the ovaries?

Answer 14

• oestrogen

- progesterone

Question 15

what does oestrogen target and how does it work?

Answer 15

targets many tissues

-development of female characteristics, regulate menstrual cycle

Question 16

what does progesterone target and how does it work?

Answer 16

targets uterus and mammary glands

• regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
• predates mammary glands for milk secretion

Question 17

list 3 examples of exocrine glands

Answer 17

mucous
salivary
sweat

Question 18

what is the difference between a paracrine and a hormone

Answer 18

paracrine are secreted by all cells and move through extra cellular fluid.
hormones are only secreted by specialised cells and travel in the blood stream

Question 19

describe the process of protein and amine hormones?

Answer 19

they attach to receptor proteins in the membrane of a target cell. the contact with a receptor causes a secondary messenger substance to diffuse through the cell and activate particular enzymes.
protein and amine hormones are water soluble (means they can’t diffuse)

Question 20

what is an example of a protein/amine hormone?

Answer 20

insulin binds to a receptor protein and this causes an increase in glucose absorption by the cell.

Question 21

describe the processes of steroid hormones?

Answer 21

they enter target cells and combine with a receptor protein inside the cell. the receptor may be on the mitochondria or in nucleus. this forms a hormone-receptor-complex which then activated the genes that control formation of particular proteins.
steroid hormones are fat soluble (can pass through membrane)

Question 22

what is enzyme amplification?

Answer 22

when the secondary messenger inside the cell switches on all the enzymes to increase activity in order for the protein to penetrate the cell. creates a cascading effect in which the number of reacting molecules increases

Question 23

how do we get rid of hormones from the body?

Answer 23

a hormone is turned off when the hormone molecules are broken down. this can occur in the target cells but mostly in the liver and kidneys. the broken down hormones are then secreted via bile or in the urine

Question 24

what is negative feedback?

Answer 24

negative feedback refers to when the response produced by the secretion of the hormone is the OPPOSITE of the stimulus that causes the secretion. some negative feedback systems involve the nervous system releasing inhibiting or releasing factors.

Question 25

describe the hormone receptor complex?

Answer 25

when a hormone combines with a receptor in the cytoplasm the hormone receptor complex is formed- where it will then enter the nucleus and ‘switch on’ a particular gene. then via protein synthesis, the gene produces a protein (enzyme) which will chemically react and change the function of the cell.