hormones + sexual development Flashcards
seminar 2
what is Cushing syndrome caused by
factors outside and within the body
why does Cushing syndrome occur
abnormally high levels of cortisol
most common cause of Cushing syndrome
overuse of corticosteriods
symptoms of Cushing syndrome
weight gain, rounded face, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, thin bones, muscle loss, thin fragile skin, purple/red stretch marks, depression, anxiety, irritability, difficulties thinking clearly, too much facial hair, acne
how is Cushing syndrome diagnosed
salivary cortisol measurements, urine test, dexamethasone test
how is Cushing syndrome treated
corticosteroid use, surgery to remove tumour thats causing high cortisol levels, radiation therapy, medication
what is turners syndrome
genetic condition thats caused when a female baby is missing X chromosome, 1 in 2000 females
turners syndrome cause
missing or changed X chromosome
what do internal female sexual organs develop in absence of
mullerian inhibiting substance
wolffian system degenerates in absence of
testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
turners syndrome symptoms
short statue, broad chest, curvature of spine, ovaries that don’t produce hormones or eggs, eye issues, moles, low set ears, small lower jaw, wide and short neck, arms that turn out more than usual at elbows
missing knuckle, puffiness of hands/feet, small nails
how is turners syndrome diagnosed
chromosome test
how is turners syndrome treated
growth hormone therapy, hormone replacement therapy
what is acromegaly
rare condition caused by too much growth hormone
how does acromegaly occur
pituitary gland releases GH into bloodstream and carries around the body
acromegaly in children
GH stimulates growth and development, when theres too much, gigantism occurs
acromegaly in adults
GH affects muscle strength, bone health, energy levels and wellbeing
what is acromegaly caused by
tumour in pituitary gland, producing too much GH and increases level of GH in blood, which increases amount of insulin like growth factor
symptoms of acromegaly
increased sweating, large hands/feet, thick lips, arthritis, goitre, high blood glucose, heart failure, high blood pressure, sleep apnoea, tiredness, headaches, vision problems, menstrual disorders
how is acromegaly diagnosed
MRI and CT, growth hormone test, insulin like growth factor 1 test
how is acromegaly treated
surgery to remove tumour, radiation therapy on pituitary gland, medications to lower GH levels
what is hyperprolactinaemia
person has high levels of hormone prolactin in the blood
how is hyperprolactinaemia caused
growth or tumour on pituitary gland, creates too much prolactin
hyperprolactinaemia symptoms in women
infertility, decreased sex drive, bone loss, menstruation problems, producing breastmilk when not pregnant, painful intercourse
