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Pharmacology 2 > Hormones, lab 5 > Flashcards

Hormones, lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulation of Gonadal functions

A

GnRH (buserelin, fertirelin, gonadorelin, delorelin)

FSH –> eCG (PMSG)

LH –> hCG

application: SC, IM

Usage:

  • decreased mating activity, sexual development
  • facilitating estrus, induction of polyestrus
  • increasing sperm wuality
  • supporting nidation

Side effects:

  • allergy, fever
  • abortion
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2
Q

Adrenal cortex:

  • Cushings
A

Pituitary induced hypercortisolism:

  • Bromocriptine, Cyproheptadine

Adrenal gland induced hypercortisolism:

  • Mitotane (must be avoided!)
  • Ketoconazole weekly increasing dose 5-10-15 mg/kf BID (liver!)
  • Trilostane (Vetoryl caps)
  • Selective inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
  • Side effects: GI, lethargy, acute pancreatitis, Addison´s-crysis
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3
Q

Oestrus synchronization:

  • Progestogens/progestagens drugs
A
  1. generation:
  • Chronogst sponge –> flurogestone
  • Crestar impl. + inj. –> norgestomet + oestradiol
  • Regumate oral sol. –> altrenogest
  • Depo-promone inj., Provera tabl –> MPA
  1. generation:
  • Covinan inj. –> proligestone
  • Ovarid tabl –> megestrol acetate

Prostaglandings:

  • Dinolytic and Enzaprost inj. –> dinoprost
  • Estrumate inj. –> cloprostenol
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4
Q

Oestrus synchronization

A

Progestogens/progestagens

    1. generation: progeststerone, MPA, norgestomet, flu(ro)gestone altrenogest
    1. generation: proligestone, megestrol acetate

Prostaglandins:

  • Cloprostenol (estrumate, PGF-veyx, Remophan): horse, cattle, swine
  • Dinoprost/PGF2alfa (Dinolytic, enzaprost): horse, cattle, swine
  • Etiproston (prostavet): cattle
  • Luprostiol (Prosolvin): horse, cattle, swine

Other uses: pyometra, endometritis

Abortion, induction of parturition

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5
Q

Myometrial relaxants

A

Beta2 adrenoreceptor agonists:

  • Clenbuterol, Terbutaline

Antisasmodics:

  • Papaverine, drotaverine (NoSpa)
  • Denaverine (Sensiblex)

Major indications:

  • Inhibition premature labour?
  • difficult parturition
  • intrauterine foetal procedures
  • reposition of uterus
  • procurement of embryos from donors and implantation into the recipients.
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6
Q

Hormones affecting gonadal functons

A

Estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH, PGFalfa

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7
Q

Pancreas - Insulin

A

Swine origin: Caninsulin

Human ProZinc

  • Insuman Rapid

Duration: Rapid - semilente - lente - ultralente

Route of admin: (IV), SC, (IM)

Indications: - DM type 1, diagnostic use, cow ketosis (rapid)

Side effects: - hypoglycaemia, allergy, Somogyi-rebound effect

Incretin - exanide (GLP-1 receptor agonist). Use in cats as SC inj., adjunt to insulin

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8
Q

Myometrial stimulants

A

Prostaglandins (se tidligere)

Oxytocin

  • dystocia, milk let down increase, uterine bleeding, retention of fetal membrane and eggs (reptiles too).
  • Side effects: GI and cardiovascular system
  • improper/uninitiated use
  • Veterinary products: Oxytocin inj., Oxitocina inj., Oxytocine inj., Dila-Part inj., Perlacton nasal spray

Carbetocin - Depotocin inj.

  • synthetic analogue, long duration of activity

Ergometrine, Methylergometrine

  • Postpartum + vasoconstriction
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9
Q

Thyroid gland

  • Hypothyroidism
A

Iodine containing agents: Iodised salt, Lugols solution

Levothyroxine-NA (Forthyron 200 or 400 tabl)

Liothyronine (lack of tissue deiodinase)

  • overdose: hyperthyroidism like signs
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10
Q

Adrenal cortex

  • Addisons disease
A

Fludrocortisone (Astonin tabl): additional glucocort. effect

Side effects: increased blood pressure, inflammation

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11
Q

Stimulation of gonadal functions

  • drugs
A

Receptal inj. –> Buserelin

Depherelin inj. –> gonadorelin

Fertagyl inj. –> gonadorelin

Suprelorin implant –> deslorelin

P.G 600 inj. –> hCG and PMSG

Pregnyl inj. (hCG) – human

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12
Q

Induction of abortus

A

Prostaglandins (se tidligere)

Antiprogesterone - Aglepriston (alizin)

  • SC, repeated dose in 24 hr.
  • Side effects: swelling, skin enlargement at injection site, pyometra/metritis

Ergolines: Cabergoline, bromocriptine (galastop)

  • major indication: pseudopregnancy in bitch
  • anti-prolactin effect
  • dopamin receptor modulators
  • emesis

Insurin tabl –> oestriol

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13
Q

Throid gland

  • Hyperthyroidism
A

Methimaxol/Tiamazol (Felimazol, Apelka talb)

  • 5mg/cat/day dose divided BID or TID
  • Side effects: liver damage, emesis, immune mediated haemolytic anaemia, facial pruritis
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14
Q

Pancreas - oral antidiabetics

A

Indications: DM type 2

Acarbose tabl:

  • dogs and cats, retardation of carbohydrate absorption (alpha glucosidase inhibitor)

Sulfonylureas - increased insulin secretion

  • Glipizide tabl preferred use in cats.
  • Gliclazide, glibenclamide

Biguanides: decrease of insulin resistance (several different mechanisms): metformin, buformin

Glinides: increased insulin secretion: nateglinide

Glitazones: activation of nuclear receptors, liver, adipose tissue and muscles increased insulin sensitivity: pioglitazone

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Pharmacology 2 (13 decks)

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