Hormones and Social Behaviour Flashcards
What are the 6 steps in WATER soluble hormone cell alteration
1 - water hormones bind to membrane receptors
2 - binding activates G protein
3 - G protein activates adenylyl cyclase
4 - Adenylyl cyclase causes ATP to convert to cAMP
5 - cAMP activates protein kinases
6 - protein kinases phosphorylates proteins in cytoplasm
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens after the hormone binds to receptors?
G protein is activated
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens when the G protein is activated?
adenylyl cyclase is activated
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens with adenylyl cyclase is activated?
Causes ATP to convert to cAMP
what is cAMP?
a secondary messenger in the water-soluble hormone pathway
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does cAMP activate?
Protein kinases
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does protein kinases do?
Phosphorylates proteins in cytoplasm
In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens when proteins in the cytoplasm are phosphorylated?
proteins are activated and can alter cell activity
what are the 4 steps in lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration?
1 - lipid-soluble hormone DIFFUSES through plasma membrane
2 - hormone binds to receptor in cytoplasm - forms receptor-hormone complex
3 - receptor-hormone complex enters nucleus - triggers gene transcription
4 - transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins - alter cell activity
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what is the first step?
hormone diffuses through plasma membrane
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens after the hormone has diffused through membrane?
Binds to receptors in cytoplasm
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, when hormones bind to cytoplasm receptors, what happens?
a receptor-hormone complex is formed
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does the receptor-hormone complex do?
enters nucleus
triggers gene transcription
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens to the transcribed mRNA?
it is translated into proteins
these proteins alter cell activity
In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what alters cell activity in the final step?
proteins
What are the 3 systems that are influenced by hormones?
Receptor
Integrator
Effector
Which sex shows lordosis?
Females
Which hormone causes lordosis?
blood oestrogen concentrations (when high)
- coincides with maturing ova
What is lordosis?
A postural response to tactile stimuli from a mounting male
What are the 3 steps that lead to lordosis?
- 1) Oestrogens affect sensory input by increasing the receptive field size in sensory cells in the flanks.
- 2) Oestrogen affects protein synthesis, the electrophysiological responses of neurons, thus altering the speed of processing and connectivity of neurons.
- 3) Oestrogen affects the muscular output that results in lordosis, as well as chemosensory stimuli important in attracting a mating partner.
what 3 things does oestrogen affect when high concentrations are released?
- sensory input
- protein synthesis
- muscular output
When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is sensory input affected?
receptive field size of sensory cells in the flanks are increased
When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is protein synthesis affected?
electrophysiological responses of neurons alters the speed of processing and connectivity of neurons
When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is muscular output affected?
- tactile stimuli from male triggers lordosis
- chemosensory stimuli in mate attraction is also affected
