Hormones and Social Behaviour

Question 1

What are the 6 steps in WATER soluble hormone cell alteration

Answer 1

1 - water hormones bind to membrane receptors
2 - binding activates G protein
3 - G protein activates adenylyl cyclase
4 - Adenylyl cyclase causes ATP to convert to cAMP
5 - cAMP activates protein kinases
6 - protein kinases phosphorylates proteins in cytoplasm

Question 2

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens after the hormone binds to receptors?

Answer 2

G protein is activated

Question 3

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens when the G protein is activated?

Answer 3

adenylyl cyclase is activated

Question 4

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens with adenylyl cyclase is activated?

Answer 4

Causes ATP to convert to cAMP

Question 5

what is cAMP?

Answer 5

a secondary messenger in the water-soluble hormone pathway

Question 6

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does cAMP activate?

Answer 6

Protein kinases

Question 7

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does protein kinases do?

Answer 7

Phosphorylates proteins in cytoplasm

Question 8

In water-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens when proteins in the cytoplasm are phosphorylated?

Answer 8

proteins are activated and can alter cell activity

Question 9

what are the 4 steps in lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration?

Answer 9

1 - lipid-soluble hormone DIFFUSES through plasma membrane
2 - hormone binds to receptor in cytoplasm - forms receptor-hormone complex
3 - receptor-hormone complex enters nucleus - triggers gene transcription
4 - transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins - alter cell activity

Question 10

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what is the first step?

Answer 10

hormone diffuses through plasma membrane

Question 11

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens after the hormone has diffused through membrane?

Answer 11

Binds to receptors in cytoplasm

Question 12

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, when hormones bind to cytoplasm receptors, what happens?

Answer 12

a receptor-hormone complex is formed

Question 13

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what does the receptor-hormone complex do?

Answer 13

enters nucleus
triggers gene transcription

Question 14

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what happens to the transcribed mRNA?

Answer 14

it is translated into proteins
these proteins alter cell activity

Question 15

In lipid-soluble hormone cell alteration, what alters cell activity in the final step?

Answer 15

proteins

Question 16

What are the 3 systems that are influenced by hormones?

Answer 16

Receptor
Integrator
Effector

Question 17

Which sex shows lordosis?

Answer 17

Females

Question 18

Which hormone causes lordosis?

Answer 18

blood oestrogen concentrations (when high)
- coincides with maturing ova

Question 19

What is lordosis?

Answer 19

A postural response to tactile stimuli from a mounting male

Question 20

What are the 3 steps that lead to lordosis?

Answer 20

• 1) Oestrogens affect sensory input by increasing the receptive field size in sensory cells in the flanks.
• 2) Oestrogen affects protein synthesis, the electrophysiological responses of neurons, thus altering the speed of processing and connectivity of neurons.
• 3) Oestrogen affects the muscular output that results in lordosis, as well as chemosensory stimuli important in attracting a mating partner.

Question 21

what 3 things does oestrogen affect when high concentrations are released?

Answer 21

• sensory input
• protein synthesis
• muscular output

Question 22

When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is sensory input affected?

Answer 22

receptive field size of sensory cells in the flanks are increased

Question 23

When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is protein synthesis affected?

Answer 23

electrophysiological responses of neurons alters the speed of processing and connectivity of neurons

Question 24

When oestrogen levels are high in females, how is muscular output affected?

Answer 24

• tactile stimuli from male triggers lordosis
• chemosensory stimuli in mate attraction is also affected