Hormones

Question 1

List the hypothalamic hormones

Answer 1

Question 2

List the pituitary hormones

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe the function of TRH

Answer 3

thyrotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates the release of thyroid hormones & prolactin

Question 4

Describe the function of GnRH

Answer 4

gonadotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates the release of LH & FSH

Question 5

Describe the function of CRH

Answer 5

corticotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates release of ACTH (targeting cortisol)

Question 6

Describe the function of GHRH

Answer 6

growth hormone releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates release of GH (targetting IGF-1)

Question 7

Describe the function of somatostatin

Answer 7

released from the hypothalamus & inhibits the release of GH & TSH

Question 8

Describe the function of dopamine on hormones

Answer 8

inhibits release of PRL

Question 9

Describe the function of oxytocin

Answer 9

stimulates uterine contraction/milk ejection

produced in hypothalamus, released from posterior pituitary

Question 10

Describe the function of prolactin inhibiting hormone

Answer 10

Secreted by the hypothalamus, inhibits synthesis & secretion of prolactin

Question 11

Describe the function of ACTH

Answer 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates cortisol release & regulates aldosterone

Question 12

Describe the function of ADH

Answer 12

antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus, regulates water balance

Stored & released by the posterior pituitary

Question 13

Describe the function of TSH

Answer 13

thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates thyroid hormone release

Question 14

Describe the function of LH

Answer 14

luteinizing hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation/testosterone production

Question 15

Describe the function of FSH

Answer 15

follicle stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates follicle/sperm development

Question 16

Describe the function of GH

Answer 16

growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates growth & cell reproduction
- mediated by insulin like growth factors

Question 17

Describe the function of PRL

Answer 17

prolactin secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate milk production/lactation

Question 18

Describe the function of MSH

Answer 18

melanocyte stimulating hormone secreted from the pars intermedia of the pituitary, regulates pigmentation

Question 19

List the thyroid & parathyroid hormones

Answer 19

Thyroid: T3, T4

Parathyroid: PTH, calcitonin

Question 20

Describe the function of T3

Answer 20

Triiodothyronine secreted by the thyroid, regulates metabolism & growth

Question 21

Describe the function of T4

Answer 21

thyroxine secreted by the thyroid, precursor to T3, regulates metabolism

Question 22

Describe the function of PTH

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid
- regulates Ca & Phos levels in the blood
- stimulates calcitriol conversion from cholecalciferol in the proximal convoluted tubule
- aids Ca absorption in the distal convoluted tubule
- aids osteoclast activity

Question 23

Describe the function of calcitonin

Answer 23

secreted by the parathyroid
- regulates Ca levels in the blood by inhibiting bone breakdown
- decreases serum phos by moving it into the bone
- used to treat severe hypercalcemia

Question 24

List the pancreatic hormones

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the function of INS

Answer 25

**insulin** secreted by the beta cells of pancreatic islets - regulates glucose uptake & storage

Question 26

Describe the function of glucagon

Answer 26

secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets - increases blood glucose levels

Question 27

Describe the function of SST

Answer 27

**somatostatin** secreted by delta cells of pancreatic islets - inhibits insulin & glucagon release

Question 28

Describe function of PP

Answer 28

**pancreatic polypeptide** secreted by PP cells in pancreatic islets - regulates pancreatic functions & stimulates secretion of GIT enzymes

Question 29

List the gonadal hormones

Answer 29

- testosterone - estrogen - progesterone

Question 30

List the gastrointestinal hormones

Answer 30

- gastrin - cholecystokinin (CCK) - Secretin - ghrelin - leptin

Question 31

List the kidney hormones

Answer 31

- renin - erythropoietin - calcitriol - epinephrine - norepinephrine - gonadal hormones

Question 32

Describe the function of calcitriol (Vit D)

Answer 32

secreted by kidneys - active form of Vit D from diet & UV - converted by PTH in PCT from cholecalciferol - helps absorb Ca & Phos in GIT - aids in mineralization of bones

Question 33

What is the most potent mineralcorticoid in our body

Answer 33

aldosterone (regulates lytes in ECF) - regulated by RAAS, **plasma K concentration**, ACTH, increased Na

Question 34

Define paracrine hormones

Answer 34

**secreted by cells into ECF & affect neighboring cells** - hypothalamus hormones acting on pituitary gland

Question 35

Define autocrine hormones

Answer 35

**secreted by cells into ECF & affect same cell** - prostaglandin, insulin, leptin

Question 36

Define endocrine hormones

Answer 36

**released by glands/specialized cells into blood & act on cells at another location**

Question 37

Which hormones are proteins & polypeptides

Answer 37

- Hypothalamus hormones - 3 Ps: pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid hormones

Question 38

Which hormones are amino acid tyrosine based hormones

Answer 38

- thyroid hormones - adrenal medulla hormones

Question 39

Which hormones are steroids

Answer 39

- gonadal, adrenal cortex, placental hormones

Question 40

Which hormones are water soluble

Answer 40

peptides & catecholamines - ex. DA, epi, norepi - ex. pituitary hormones

Question 41

Which hormones are lipid-soluble

Answer 41

steroids & thyroid hormones

Question 42

What is the most significant glucocorticoid in our body

Answer 42

**cortisol** - released in response to ACTH, eating, activity, stress - promotes mobilization of energy stores - promotes glycogenolysis on glucagon - promotes vasoconstriction & bronchodilation on catecholamines