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Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

List the hypothalamic hormones

A
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2
Q

List the pituitary hormones

A
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3
Q

Describe the function of TRH

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates the release of thyroid hormones & prolactin

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4
Q

Describe the function of GnRH

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates the release of LH & FSH

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5
Q

Describe the function of CRH

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates release of ACTH (targeting cortisol)

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6
Q

Describe the function of GHRH

A

growth hormone releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus & stimulates release of GH (targetting IGF-1)

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7
Q

Describe the function of somatostatin

A

released from the hypothalamus & inhibits the release of GH & TSH

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8
Q

Describe the function of dopamine on hormones

A

inhibits release of PRL

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9
Q

Describe the function of oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contraction/milk ejection

produced in hypothalamus, released from posterior pituitary

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10
Q

Describe the function of prolactin inhibiting hormone

A

Secreted by the hypothalamus, inhibits synthesis & secretion of prolactin

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11
Q

Describe the function of ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates cortisol release & regulates aldosterone

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12
Q

Describe the function of ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus, regulates water balance

Stored & released by the posterior pituitary

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13
Q

Describe the function of TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates thyroid hormone release

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14
Q

Describe the function of LH

A

luteinizing hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation/testosterone production

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15
Q

Describe the function of FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates follicle/sperm development

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16
Q

Describe the function of GH

A

growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates growth & cell reproduction
- mediated by insulin like growth factors

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17
Q

Describe the function of PRL

A

prolactin secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate milk production/lactation

18
Q

Describe the function of MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone secreted from the pars intermedia of the pituitary, regulates pigmentation

19
Q

List the thyroid & parathyroid hormones

A

Thyroid: T3, T4

Parathyroid: PTH, calcitonin

20
Q

Describe the function of T3

A

Triiodothyronine secreted by the thyroid, regulates metabolism & growth

21
Q

Describe the function of T4

A

thyroxine secreted by the thyroid, precursor to T3, regulates metabolism

22
Q

Describe the function of PTH

A

parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid
- regulates Ca & Phos levels in the blood
- stimulates calcitriol conversion from cholecalciferol in the proximal convoluted tubule
- aids Ca absorption in the distal convoluted tubule
- aids osteoclast activity

23
Q

Describe the function of calcitonin

A

secreted by the parathyroid
- regulates Ca levels in the blood by inhibiting bone breakdown
- decreases serum phos by moving it into the bone
- used to treat severe hypercalcemia

24
Q

List the pancreatic hormones

25
Q

Describe the function of INS

A

insulin secreted by the beta cells of pancreatic islets
- regulates glucose uptake & storage

26
Q

Describe the function of glucagon

A

secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets
- increases blood glucose levels

27
Q

Describe the function of SST

A

somatostatin secreted by delta cells of pancreatic islets
- inhibits insulin & glucagon release

28
Q

Describe function of PP

A

pancreatic polypeptide secreted by PP cells in pancreatic islets
- regulates pancreatic functions & stimulates secretion of GIT enzymes

29
Q

List the gonadal hormones

A
  • testosterone
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
30
Q

List the gastrointestinal hormones

A
  • gastrin
  • cholecystokinin (CCK)
  • Secretin
  • ghrelin
  • leptin
31
Q

List the kidney hormones

A
  • renin
  • erythropoietin
  • calcitriol
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • gonadal hormones
32
Q

Describe the function of calcitriol (Vit D)

A

secreted by kidneys
- active form of Vit D from diet & UV
- converted by PTH in PCT from cholecalciferol
- helps absorb Ca & Phos in GIT
- aids in mineralization of bones

33
Q

What is the most potent mineralcorticoid in our body

A

aldosterone (regulates lytes in ECF)
- regulated by RAAS, plasma K concentration, ACTH, increased Na

34
Q

Define paracrine hormones

A

secreted by cells into ECF & affect neighboring cells
- hypothalamus hormones acting on pituitary gland

35
Q

Define autocrine hormones

A

secreted by cells into ECF & affect same cell
- prostaglandin, insulin, leptin

36
Q

Define endocrine hormones

A

released by glands/specialized cells into blood & act on cells at another location

37
Q

Which hormones are proteins & polypeptides

A
  • Hypothalamus hormones
  • 3 Ps: pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid hormones
38
Q

Which hormones are amino acid tyrosine based hormones

A
  • thyroid hormones
  • adrenal medulla hormones
39
Q

Which hormones are steroids

A
  • gonadal, adrenal cortex, placental hormones
40
Q

Which hormones are water soluble

A

peptides & catecholamines
- ex. DA, epi, norepi
- ex. pituitary hormones

41
Q

Which hormones are lipid-soluble

A

steroids & thyroid hormones

42
Q

What is the most significant glucocorticoid in our body

A

cortisol
- released in response to ACTH, eating, activity, stress
- promotes mobilization of energy stores
- promotes glycogenolysis on glucagon
- promotes vasoconstriction & bronchodilation on catecholamines

Endocrine (10 decks)

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