hormones Flashcards
what is a hormone?
a chemical which is secreted in the glands that travels in the bloodstream to target organs and cells which change the conditions which cause long lasting affects
what are the differences between a hormone and a nerve?
hormone: nerve:
slow fast
last a long time lasts a short time
affects a precise area
what are the glands that you need to know?
pituitary thyroid testes ovaries adrenal pancreases
which gland is a master gland?
the pituitary gland
what is a master gland?
a gland that sicrecitys several hormones
what hormones do the pituitary gland secrete?
LJ, FSH, progesterone
what hormone does your thyroid secrete?
thyroxine
what hormone does your testes secrete?
testosterone
what hormone does your ovaries secrete?
oestrogen
what hormone does your adrenal secrete?
adrenaline
what hormone does your pancreases secrete?
glycogen
insulin
what happens when your blood sugar level is to high?
when there is to much glucose the pancreases monitors it and releases insulin, the insulin moves glucose into the liver, the liver converts glucose into glycogen resulting the blood glucose level to be at an optimum level
what happens when you blood sugar level is to low?
when your blood sugar level is to low the pancreases monitors it and releases glucagon, the liver cells convert glycogen into glucose and the blood glucose levels increase glycogen secretion stops
what is the functions of adrenaline?
increase heart rate increase breathing rate convert glycogen to glucose divert blood from other organ systems increase deliver of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles prepare for fight or flight response
is adrenaline controlled by negative feedback?
no
what is the function of thyroxine?
simulate metabolic rate
control the speed of energy release
important in growth and development
is thyroxine controlled by negative feedback?
yes
what is homeostasis?
maintaining a constant internal environment
what is negative feedback?
a control system that responds when conditions change away from their normal and it returns the conditions back to their normal level. It is a continuous cycle that never stops
what happens when their is low thyroxine levels?
when their are low thyroxine levels a change is detected by receptors in the brain and the thyroid releases more thyroxine and conditions return to normal. it is a continuous cycle
what happens when their is not normal levels on a hormone that is controlled by negative feedback?
conditions in the body change from a set point change detected by a receptor corrective mechanisms activated conditions return to set point corrective mechanism switched off
are most hormones controlled by negative feedback?
yes
why is adrenaline not controlled by negative feedback?
no counteracting hormone
filtered out of the blood to restore resting levels
What happens on day 1 of the menstrual cycle?
The lining of the womb thickens
What happens of day 14 of the menstrual cycle?
The egg is released from the Overy and the thickening of the womb stops but stays thick
What happens on day 15-22 of the menstrual cycle?
Fertilisation can happen
What happens on day 23-28 of the menstrual cycle?
If the egg is not fertilised, thr lining will shed with the egg along with it
What does FSH do in the menstrual cycle?
Matures the egg
What does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle?
Thickens the wall of the womb
What does LH do in the menstrual cycle?
Releases the egg
What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?
Maintains the womb lining
What does FOOFOLLOP SI SI stand for?
fsh stimulates oestrogen oestrogen inhabits fsh oestrogen stimulates lh lh inhabits oestrogen progestogen is secreted if the egg is fertilised
What does fsh stand For?
Follicle stimulating hormone
What does lh stand for?
Luteinising hormone
How does IVF treatment work?
If a women can not have a baby because of hormone imbalance, a doctor gives her large amount of fsh and lh to menstrate, the doctor removes the eggs after the women’s cycle, the man gives sperm to the doctor, the doctor then fertilises the egg with the sperm, the doctor tham places the embryos back in the womb, the doctor than rakes the embryos for stem cell research, the embryos are then screened if it is successfull there will be a baby
