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Biology > hormones > Flashcards

hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a hormone?

A

a chemical which is secreted in the glands that travels in the bloodstream to target organs and cells which change the conditions which cause long lasting affects

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2
Q

what are the differences between a hormone and a nerve?

A

hormone: nerve:
slow fast
last a long time lasts a short time
affects a precise area

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3
Q

what are the glands that you need to know?

A 
pituitary
thyroid
testes
ovaries
adrenal
pancreases
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4
Q

which gland is a master gland?

A

the pituitary gland

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5
Q

what is a master gland?

A

a gland that sicrecitys several hormones

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6
Q

what hormones do the pituitary gland secrete?

A

LJ, FSH, progesterone

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7
Q

what hormone does your thyroid secrete?

A

thyroxine

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8
Q

what hormone does your testes secrete?

A

testosterone

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9
Q

what hormone does your ovaries secrete?

A

oestrogen

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10
Q

what hormone does your adrenal secrete?

A

adrenaline

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11
Q

what hormone does your pancreases secrete?

A

glycogen

insulin

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12
Q

what happens when your blood sugar level is to high?

A

when there is to much glucose the pancreases monitors it and releases insulin, the insulin moves glucose into the liver, the liver converts glucose into glycogen resulting the blood glucose level to be at an optimum level

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13
Q

what happens when you blood sugar level is to low?

A

when your blood sugar level is to low the pancreases monitors it and releases glucagon, the liver cells convert glycogen into glucose and the blood glucose levels increase glycogen secretion stops

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14
Q

what is the functions of adrenaline?

A 
increase heart rate
increase breathing rate
convert glycogen to glucose
divert blood from other organ systems
increase deliver of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
prepare for fight or flight response
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15
Q

is adrenaline controlled by negative feedback?

A

no

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16
Q

what is the function of thyroxine?

A

simulate metabolic rate
control the speed of energy release
important in growth and development

17
Q

is thyroxine controlled by negative feedback?

A

yes

18
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a constant internal environment

19
Q

what is negative feedback?

A

a control system that responds when conditions change away from their normal and it returns the conditions back to their normal level. It is a continuous cycle that never stops

20
Q

what happens when their is low thyroxine levels?

A

when their are low thyroxine levels a change is detected by receptors in the brain and the thyroid releases more thyroxine and conditions return to normal. it is a continuous cycle

21
Q

what happens when their is not normal levels on a hormone that is controlled by negative feedback?

A 
conditions in the body change from a set point
change detected by a receptor
corrective mechanisms activated
conditions return to set point
corrective mechanism switched off
22
Q

are most hormones controlled by negative feedback?

A

yes

23
Q

why is adrenaline not controlled by negative feedback?

A

no counteracting hormone

filtered out of the blood to restore resting levels

24
Q

What happens on day 1 of the menstrual cycle?

A

The lining of the womb thickens

25
Q

What happens of day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

The egg is released from the Overy and the thickening of the womb stops but stays thick

26
Q

What happens on day 15-22 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Fertilisation can happen

27
Q

What happens on day 23-28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

If the egg is not fertilised, thr lining will shed with the egg along with it

28
Q

What does FSH do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Matures the egg

29
Q

What does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Thickens the wall of the womb

30
Q

What does LH do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Releases the egg

31
Q

What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Maintains the womb lining

32
Q

What does FOOFOLLOP SI SI stand for?

A

fsh stimulates oestrogen oestrogen inhabits fsh oestrogen stimulates lh lh inhabits oestrogen progestogen is secreted if the egg is fertilised

33
Q

What does fsh stand For?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

34
Q

What does lh stand for?

A

Luteinising hormone

35
Q

How does IVF treatment work?

A

If a women can not have a baby because of hormone imbalance, a doctor gives her large amount of fsh and lh to menstrate, the doctor removes the eggs after the women’s cycle, the man gives sperm to the doctor, the doctor then fertilises the egg with the sperm, the doctor tham places the embryos back in the womb, the doctor than rakes the embryos for stem cell research, the embryos are then screened if it is successfull there will be a baby

Biology (11 decks)

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