hormone signalling

Question 1

specificity of signalling is achieved by

Answer 1

1. chemically distinct hormones
2. specific receptors for each hormone
3. distinct distribution of receptors across target cells

Question 2

chemical nature of hormones

Answer 2

• modified amino acids
• steroids
• peptides
• proteins

Question 3

modified amino acid hormones are derived from

Answer 3

tyrosine and tyramine

Question 4

examples of modified amino acid hormones

Answer 4

adrenaline and thyroid hormones

Question 5

steroid hormones are derived from

Answer 5

cholesterol

Question 6

examples of steroid hormones

Answer 6

cortisol, progesterone and testosterone

Question 7

peptide hormones are derived from

Answer 7

larger precursor proteins

Question 8

examples of peptide hormones

Answer 8

adrenocorticotrophic hormone, anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 9

example of protein hormones

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

SIGNALLING TYPES

Answer 10

• autocrine
• paracrine
• endocrine

Question 11

autocrine signalling

Answer 11

cell is both the originator and recipient of the signalling molecules

Question 12

paracrine signalling

Answer 12

the signalling molecules are produced in a cell which then diffuse over short distances in the interstitial fluid and exert there function on target cell which are close by

Question 13

endocrine signalling

Answer 13

the signalling molecule produced by a cell are released into the bloodstream and act on an organ distant to the site of production