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Biochem Finals Fatima > Hormone Biochemistry > Flashcards

Hormone Biochemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Cell does not store hormone, but secretes it from secretory vesicles as it is synthesized.

A

Constitutive secretion

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1
Q

Cell stores hormone, it is the most commonly used pathway and secrete a large amount of hormone over a short period of time.

A

Regulated secretion

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2
Q

Hormones that are derived from amino acids?

A

Thyroid hormone
Catecholamines

This are amine

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3
Q

Example of protein hormones

A

Basta ni rerelease ng hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas at GIT.

Kasama din ang LH, FSH, TSH and Hcg

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4
Q

Example of steroid hormones

A

Adrenocortical hormones
Reproductive gland hormones
Active metabolite of vitamin D

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5
Q

Serves as direct precursor to catecholamines

A

L tyrosine

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6
Q

In synthesis of catecholamines, what is the rate limiting enzyme and which part of the cell do we find it?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Example of polypeptide hormones

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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8
Q

A spectacular example of multiple hormones encoded by a single gene

A

Pro opiomelanocortin

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9
Q

Synthesis of aldosterone occurs in the?

A

Zona glomerulosa

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10
Q

Pregnenolone is converted to progesterone by the action of two smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Isomerase

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11
Q

Thyroid hormones are inactivated primarily by

A

Intracellular deiodinases

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12
Q

GH antagonizes many metabolic actions of insulin,

A

Stimulating gluconeogenesis

Promoting lipolysis

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13
Q

Major glucocorticoids in humans

A

Cortisol

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14
Q

Concern to supply fuels to the blood so that the energy can be produced to combat stress

A

Glucocorticoid

Epinephrine

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15
Q

Glucocorticoids have anti inflammatory effects by inducing the synthesis of ___________, a protein that inhibits _____________, the rate limiting enzyme in synthesis of _________, _________, and __________

A 
Lipocortin
Phopholipase A2
Prostaglandin
Thromboxane
Leukotrines
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16
Q

Function of glucocorticoid

A

Stressful situation
Anti inflammatory
Fuel metabolism

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17
Q

Epinephrine increases blood glucose by stimulating liver

A

Glycogenolysis

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18
Q

Also called antidiuretic hormone released in response to a decrease in blood volume or increased Na concentration

A

Vasopressin or ADH

19
Q

Produces effects that include increased urine volume, excretion of sodium, and vasodilation.

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

20
Q

Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure

A

Angiotensin 2

21
Q

Absorption of sodium and secretion of potassium

A

Aldosterone

22
Q

Major hormones responsible for the differentiation of mammary alveolar cells into secretory cells capable of producing milk

A

Prolactin
Glucocorticoid
Insulin

23
Q

Inhibits milk protein production and secretion during pregnancy

A

Progesterone

24
Q

Causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveolar cells causing milk ejection through the nipple

A

Oxytocin

25
Q

Causes the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

A

GNRH

26
Q

Acts on the follicle to promote maturation of the ovum

A

FSH

27
Q

Midpoint of the menstrual cycle stimulates the ripe follicle to ovulate

A

LH

28
Q

Causes the endometrium to continue to thicken and vascularize and increase in secretory capacity

A

Progesterone

29
Q

Produced by oxidation of retinal and cannot be reduced

A

Retinoic acid

30
Q

Transport form is stored as retinyl esters

A

Retinol

31
Q

A functional part of the visual cycle

A

Retinal

32
Q

Involved in grown and also in dedifferentiation and maintenance epithelial tissue

A

Retinoic acid

33
Q

Produced in response to low calcium and act to increase the level of extracellular calcium

A

Parathyroid hormone

34
Q

Acts with PTH in bone resorption and promotes theresorption of calcium

A

Cholecalciferol

35
Q

Lowers the calcium level by inhibiting its release from bone and stimulating its excretion in urine

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

Stimulate gastric acid and pepsin secretion

A

Gastrin

37
Q

Stimulates contraction of the gall bladder and the secretion of pancreatic enzyme

A

Cholecystokinin

38
Q

Stimulates the secretion of bicarbonates by the pancreas

A

Secretin

39
Q

Enhances insulin release and inhibits secretion of gastric acid

A

Gastric inhibitory peptide

40
Q

Relaxes smooth muscles and stimulates bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas

A

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

41
Q

Insulin increase during

A

Fed state

42
Q

Insulin effect on glucose

A

Stores glycogen and triacylglycerol

43
Q

Pathway affected by insulin

A 
Glycogenesis in liver and muscle
TAG synthesis in liver
Conversion to VLDL
TAG storage in adipose tissue
Glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue
Protein synthesis
44
Q

Glucagon increase during

A

Fasting state

45
Q

Glucagon effect on glucose

A

Increases availability of glucose and fatty acids in the blood

46
Q

Pathway affected in glucagon

A

Glycogenolysis in liver but not in muscle
Lipolysis in adipose tissue
Gluconeogenesis

Biochem Finals Fatima (6 decks)

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