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Theriogenology > Hormonal Control of Reproduction > Flashcards

Hormonal Control of Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones control the estrous cycle?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Follicle stimulating hormone
  • Luteinizing Hormone
  • Progesterone
  • PGF2a
  • GnRH
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2
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus in the estrous cycle?

A
  • Releases small peptides
    • specifically Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
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3
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

causes the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

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4
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • Stimulates the maturation of 2° follicles
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5
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • Stimulates maturation of 3° follicles
  • stimulates estrogen production
  • Stimulates Corpus Luteum production of Progesterone (P4)
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6
Q

What is the importance of eCG (PMSG)?

A
  • Gives both LH and FSH activity (species dependent
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7
Q

What does hCG do?

A

gives primarily LH activity

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8
Q

What are the functions of GnRH/hCG?

A
  • Causes release of Luteinizing hormone
    • Ovulation of luteinization
    • Initiates new follicular wave
    • Corpus luteum formation
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9
Q

What are the actions of FSH?

A
  • Stimulates growth of follicles in ovaries
  • much longer half-life than LH (several hours)
  • Can cause single-ovulation species to ovulate several mature oocytes
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10
Q

What are the actions of Prolactin?

A
  • Produced by other tissues besides anterior pituitary
  • Prolactin + Estrogen induce lobuloalveolar growth in mammary gland
  • Stimulate milk production
  • Necessary for CL maintenance in some species
  • Involved in maternal behavior
  • Hypothalamus releases dopamine which acts to decrease prolactin release
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11
Q

What hormone does the Posterior Pituitary release?

A
  • Oxytocin
    • Synthesized by hypothalamus and secreted by nerve endings in posterior pituitary
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12
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A
  • Stimulates muscle Contraction
  • Ejects milk from mammary alveoli
  • Increases uterine contractions during parturition
  • Establishes maternal behavior
  • Facilitates sperm transport (male and female tract)
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13
Q

What are the prescription options for oxytocin?

A

Pitocin and Oxytocin

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14
Q

What does an ovarian follicle produce? what does it do?

A
  • Estrogen
    • acts in a positive feed-back loop with LH
    • Estrogen acts on the brain to initiate estrus
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15
Q

What is Folliculogenesis?

A
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16
Q

What is the function of Theca cells and Granulosa cells?

A

Produce large amounts of Progesterone

17
Q

What hormone does the uterus produce? what does it do?

A
  • PGF2a
    • produced by non-pregnant endometrium to lyse the CL and initiate the process that leads to ovulation
18
Q

What are the prescription options for PGF2a?

A
  • Lutalyse
  • Estrumate
  • and other PGS will lyse a mature CL (diestrus) which causes a rapid decline in Progesterone production by the LC
19
Q

What happens during luteolysis?

A
20
Q

What are induced ovulators?

A
  • Require some stimulation in order to ovulate (e.g. - copulation, genital stimulation)
  • Ex: rabbit, cat, camel, ferret
21
Q

What happens when a queen is stimulated by copulation?

A
  • stimulates LH secretion by the anterior pituitary
  • More copulations ⇢ higher LH)
22
Q

What does the Corpus luteum produce? what does it do?

A
  • Progesterone
    • prepares the uterus for the egg
    • acts on the brain to override estrogen to prevent estrus behavior
23
Q

What are prescription options for Progesterone?

A
  • Melengesterol acetate (MGA) and Regu-Mate
    • synthetic progestogens
  • CIDR insert
    • natural progesterone
  • Higher lives of Progesterone are need to prevent ovulation than estrus
24
Q

What doe the Leydig and Sertoli cells produce?

A
25
Q

What hormones does the Placenta produce?

A
  • All species - Progesterone, but to different degrees
  • Estrogen
  • Gonadotropins
  • Placental lactogen
  • Relaxin
26
Q

Why does the placenta increase estrogen production in late gestation?

A
  • Prepare uterus for expulsion of fetus
    • antagonize progesterone block to uterine contractions
  • Stimulate mammary gland development
27
Q

Why does the placenta produce Gonadotropins?

A
  • Chorionic-origin cells that invade maternal (uterine) tissues
    • has LH- and/or FSH-like activity
28
Q

Why does the Placenta produce lactogen?

A
  • Occurs in primates, ruminants, and rodents
  • Similar to prolactin and oxytocin
  • Mammary development
  • May be involved with CL function
29
Q

Why does the placenta produce relaxin?

A
  • Relaxes the pelvic ligaments at parturition
  • Very high in Guinea pigs - only older sows have risk of dystocia

Theriogenology (29 decks)

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